background:   objective: this study was designed to evaluate effects of lithium chloride on the release of steroid hormones and steroidogenic enzymes in gonadotropin-stimulated rats.   materials and methods: immature 23 days old wistar rats were divided into 10 groups; each group comprised of 8 rats, and induced with single injection of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin (pmsg) and followed by...

introduction: post-endodontic pain is one of the main problems for both patients and dentists. the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of premedication with indomethacin and ibuprofen for management of postoperative endodontic pain. methods and materials: in this clinical trial, mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis were endodontically treated in 66 patients. the medic...

the effect of melatonin and bromocryptine on body weight, fibre shedding and cashmere traits was investigated by using 24 raeini female goats (2-3 years old) in four experimental groups: control (c); melatonin (mi) implant (18 mg at first and repeated after 40 days), bromocryptine (b) injection, (0.5 mg/kg bw per three days) melatonin and bromocryptine implant and injection (mib). all goats wer...

introduction: drugs of abuse such as nicotine and morphine used systemically by addicts produce their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. furthermore, evidence indicates that some behavioral effects of nicotine and morphine are mediated by nitric oxide (no). based on these observations, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra-nucleus accumbens (nac) inj...

PURPOSE To compare the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab to those of triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. METHODS This retrospective study included 50 eyes of 50 patients who received a single injection of intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL, 22 eyes) or triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg/0.1 mL, 28 eyes) as the on...

background : envenomation by hemiscorpius lepturus is not painful and the clinical manifestations include bloody urine due to hemoglobinuria or hematuria, dermonecrotic reactions,cardiac arrhythmia and in minority of cases acute renal failure which may lead to death following disseminated intravascular coagulation in infants. cardiac effects of envenomation by h. lepturus venom including inotro...

this study was conducted to investigate the possible involvement of the histaminergic system in themediation of ghrelin-induced feeding behavior in broiler chickens. in the trial 1, the effect ofintracerebroventricular (icv) injection of ghrelin on feed intake was examined in 3-h feed-deprived broilerchickens. in the trials 2 and 3, the chickens were received icv chlorpheniramine (an h1 recepto...

Previously we showed that repeated vaginal application of a MIV-150/zinc acetate carrageenan (MIV-150/ZA/CG) gel and a zinc acetate carrageenan (ZA/CG) gel significantly protected macaques from vaginal simian human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (SHIV-RT) infection. Gels were applied either daily for 2 weeks or every other day for 4 weeks, and the animals were challenged 4-24 h la...

Effect of dietary lutein supplementation on turkey production parameters, cytokine production, and oxidative status during an acute phase response following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was studied. One-day-old chicks were fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 levels (0, 25, or 50 mg/kg of feed) of lutein. At 50 d of dietary lutein supplementation, turkeys were injected or not injected wit...

these experiments examined the effects of pre-test intra dorsal hippocampus (intra-ca1) administration of gabaa receptor agonist and antagonist, muscimol and bicuculline respectively, on state-dependent learning induced by lithium. male nmri mice were trained in a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task, and immediately after training they received ip injections of either saline (10 ml/kg...