1 1 2 3 Inhibition to Excitation Ratio Regulates Visual System Responses and Behavior in vivo 4 5 Wanhua Shen, Caroline R. McKeown, James A. Demas and Hollis T. Cline 6 7 Corresponding Author: 8 Hollis T. Cline 9 The Dorris Neuroscience Center 10 The Scripps Research Institute 11 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd 12 La Jolla, CA 92037 USA 13 Phone: 858-784-2220 14 Fax: 858-784-2222 15 Email: cline@sc...

HORMONALLY ACTIVE VITAMIN D3 (1α,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL) TRIGGERS AUTOPHAGY IN HUMAN MACROPHAGES THAT INHIBITS HIV-1 INFECTION* Grant R. Campbell and Stephen A. Spector From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, CA 92123, USA Running title: Vitamin D3 inhibits HIV-1 ...

SELECT SIGNALING RECEPTORS: SELECTIVITY OF PS2 IN PDGF SIGNALING David E. Kang,* Il Sang Yoon, Emanuela Repetto, Tracy Busse, Nader Yermian, Listya Ie, and Edward H. Koo From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Running Title: PS2 in PDGF signaling *Address correspondence to: David E. Kang, Department of Neurosciences, ...

Correct positioning of polarity axis in response to internal or external cues is central to cellular morphogenesis and cell fate determination. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bud3p plays a key role in the axial bud-site selection (axial budding) process in which cells assemble the new bud next to the preceding cell division site. Bud3p is thought to act as a component of a spati...

In game theory as we have studied it so far this semester, games are assumed to be interactions between completely independent and selfish parties. For example, Nash equilibria were assumed to be stable, since no single player could alter their strategy and benefit. However, there could, for example, be a situation where there are two Nash equilibria. In the current equilibrium state, no player...

We introduce parametric equations in the first unit taught in our Pre-Calculus curriculum, immediately after teaching the definition of a function. The use of parametric equations greatly enhances the understanding of domain and range. We start with the students doing explorations on domain and range, using prescribed values for the parameter t. We use this activity not only to re-enforce the c...