The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has shown promise as air electrode in renewable energy technologies like metal-air batteries and fuel cells. PEDOT is based on atomic elements of high abundance and is synthesized at low temperature from solution. The mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) over chemically polymerized PEDOT:Cl still remains controversial with ...

The design of noble-metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is very important to the commercialization of fuel cells. Here, we use a Co-modified montmorillonite (Co-MMT) as a flat template to prepare Co- and N-doped nanocarbon ORR catalysts derived from carbonization of polyaniline at controlled temperatures. The use of flat template can hinder the agglomeration of polyaniline ...

Although nitrogen doped CNTs (N-CNTs) are considered as a promising alternative to platinized carbon for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the origin of the enhanced ORR activity with N-CNTs is not clear at present. Among several plausible reasons, the exposure of edge plane and creation of impurity band/surface states near the Fermi level ...

Inspired by the multicopper active site of laccase, which efficiently catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), herein we report a novel bio-inspired ORR catalyst composed of a multinuclear copper complex that was immobilized on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via the covalently grafted triazole-dipyridine (TADPy) dinucleating ligand. This rGO-TADPyCu catalyst exhibited high OR...

H ALDANE’s rule is one of the most enduring empirical generalizations in evolutionary biology. It states that “if only one sex is sterile, rare or inviable among species hybrids, it is the heterogametic sex” (HALDANE 1922; COYNE 1994). This rule holds both in situations where males are the heterogametic sex (e.g., in dipterans and mammals) (HALDANE 1922; GRAY 1954; BOCK 1984) and in situations ...

Gas diffusion electrode was used for providing better conditions in fuel cell systems for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Because the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode restricts fuel cell efficiency. To this end, researchers have used platinum-coated carbon. In the present study, due to the reduction of carbon corrosion, Zinc oxide...

Hierarchical porous carbon nanostructures doped with nitrogen or other active elements have been demonstrated to be of importance in enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. However, their intrinsic limited active sites usually make them exhibit lower ORR activity than commercial Pt/C. In order to solve well this challenging issue, herein we develop a simple method for encapsulat...

Bimetallic Pd–Co and pure Pt electrocatalysts were evaluated for tolerance to methanol in the oxygen reduction reaction ORR in 0.5 M H2SO4 using the tip generation–substrate collection mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy. The Pd–Co electrocatalyst, Pd80Co20 80% Pd, 20% Co , showed the highest ORR activity among the different Pd–Co compositions, both in the absence and presence of MeOH. ...