In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a strategy to defend its leaves against herbivores is to accumulate glucosinolates along the midrib and at the margin. Although it is generally assumed that glucosinolates are synthesized along the vasculature in an Arabidopsis leaf, thereby suggesting that the margin accumulation is established through transport, little is known about these transport proc...

Lateral organs produced by shoot apical and flower meristems exhibit a fundamental abaxial-adaxial asymmetry. We describe three members of the YABBY gene family, FILAMENTOUS FLOWER, YABBY2 and YABBY3, isolated on the basis of homology to CRABS CLAW. Each of these genes is expressed in a polar manner in all lateral organ primordia produced from the apical and flower meristems. The expression of ...

Justicia has been recognized as one of the largest genera in Acanthaceae family with 600 species have identified. Most researchers problems identifying especially if samples are incomplete. Other than that, there is no comprehensive study on species, Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, a leaf anatomy and micromorphology three selected which adathoda, gendarussa procumbens were conducted order to as...

Davallia mariesii T. Moore ex Baker, a member of the section Trogostolon (Copel.) M. Kato and Tsutsumi (Davalliaceae M.R. Schomb.), is lithophytic or epiphytic herb that grows on rocks tree trunks in montane forests. This study analyzed morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, palynological characteristics D. using digital slide scanner field-emission scanning electron microscope presente...

Biophytum merupakan salah satu terna liar yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tumbuhan obat tradisional di Indonesia. Informasi tentang karakter anatomi daun dari marga ini belum banyak diketahui, terutama untuk jenis-jenis ada Tujuan penelitian mengetahui Biophytum. Penelitian menggunakan lima jenis yaitu B. sensitivum, sp. 1, 2 dikoleksi Sulawesi Tengah; dan dendroides reinwardtii berasal Jawa Barat. P...

BACKGROUND Asymmetric development of plant lateral organs initiates by partitioning of organ primordia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis. A recent model proposes that a meristem-born signal, acting in a concentration-dependent manner, differentially activates PHABULOSA-like genes, which in turn suppress abaxial-promoting factors. As yet, no abaxial factors have been identif...

The effects of dark chilling on the leaf-side-specific regulation of photosynthesis were characterized in the C(4) grass Paspalum dilatatum. CO(2)- and light-response curves for photosynthesis and associated parameters were measured on whole leaves and on each leaf side independently under adaxial and abaxial illumination before and after plants were exposed to dark chilling for one or two cons...

The micromorphology of foliar trichomes of Hypoestes aristata var. aristata was studied using stereo, light and scanning microscopy (SEM). This genus belongs to the advanced angiosperm family Acanthaceae, for which few micromorphological leaf studies exist. Results revealed both glandular and non-glandular trichomes, the latter being more abundant on leaf veins, particularly on the abaxial surf...

Small RNAs are important regulators of gene expression. In maize, adaxial/abaxial (dorsoventral) leaf polarity is established by an abaxial gradient of microRNA166 (miR166), which spatially restricts the expression domain of class III homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factors that specify adaxial/upper fate. Here, we show that leafbladeless1 encodes a key component in the tra...