MAJOR: Background Section: The first sentence of the background sentence should include an adjective for the type of “evaluation” you are conducting in your study. For example, after re-reading the manuscript it became apparent the second time after reviewing the abstract that you would be conducting a “process evaluation”. → We included in background sentence the type of evaluation we conducte...

OBJECTIVE To help biomedical researchers recognize dynamically introduced abbreviations in biomedical literature, such as gene and protein names, we have constructed a support system called ALICE (Abbreviation LIfter using Corpus-based Extraction). ALICE aims to extract all types of abbreviations with their expansions from a target paper on the fly. METHODS ALICE extracts an abbreviation and ...

BACKGROUND In Western languages the period character is highly ambiguous, due to its double role as sentence delimiter and abbreviation marker. This is particularly relevant in clinical free-texts characterized by numerous anomalies in spelling, punctuation, vocabulary and with a high frequency of short forms. METHODS The problem is addressed by two binary classifiers for abbreviation and sen...

Zipf’s law of abbreviation, the tendency more frequent words to be shorter, is one most solid candidates for a linguistic universal, in sense that it has potential being exceptionless or with number exceptions vanishingly small compared languages on Earth. Since pioneering research, this been viewed as manifestation universal principle communication, i.e. minimization word lengths, reduce effor...

A system for automatic abbreviation expansion was developed and tested for use with an AAC device. The system blends several technologies in a process that automatically expands user generated abbreviations while additionally providing spell-checking. Using a series of heuristic rules and a statistical language model, the system combines a series of rule scores and probabilities to rank valid w...

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MOTIVATION The ultimate goal of abbreviation management is to disambiguate every occurrence of an abbreviation into its expanded form (concept or sense). To collect expanded forms for abbreviations, previous studies have recognized abbreviations and their expanded forms in parenthetical expressions of bio-medical texts. However, expanded forms extracted by abbreviation recognition are mixtures ...

MOTIVATION Biological literature contains many abbreviations with one particular sense in each document. However, most abbreviations do not have a unique sense across the literature. Furthermore, many documents do not contain the long forms of the abbreviations. Resolving an abbreviation in a document consists of retrieving its sense in use. Abbreviation resolution improves accuracy of document...

The foundation for the ongoing enrichment of linguistic vocabulary is laid by quick advancement technology, production, globalization, and integrating in world. It should be underlined that research Internet words between Uzbek as well English, production dictionaries to a certain extent, editing, all benefit from appropriate use enormous expertise amassed field linguistics. language used on ha...

The author describes the methods of finding and predicting compound word correlates in its equivalence nest on basis paradigmatic relations between abbreviation decoding stimuli. relevance study is determined by fact that it established principles dictionary entries formation for Exploratory Dictionary Russian Word Abbreviations compiled Laboratory Abbreviation Trends Research at Language Depar...