introduction: in recent decades, several monte carlo codes have been introduced for research and medical applications. these methods provide both accurate and detailed calculation of particle transport from linear accelerators. the main drawback of monte carlo techniques is the extremely long computing time that is required in order to obtain a dose distribution with good statistical accuracy. ...

background: in radiotherapy, wedge filters are used for optimizing the tumor dose distribution in patients. the attenuation in beam intensity due to the presence of wedge filter is compensated by means of a wedge factor measured at the central axis of the beam. the field size, depth and ssd dependence of wedge factor have been assessed for 9mv radiations of neptun pc linear accelerator. materia...

We explore in detail the consequences of the CP-violating phases residing in the supersymmetric and soft SUSY breaking parameters in the approximation that family flavour mixings are ignored. We allow for non-universal boundary conditions and in such a consideration the model is described by twelve independent CP-violating phases and one angle which misaligns the vacuum expectation values (VEVs...

background : in spite of clinically useful photon and electron beams, high energy linacs produce secondary particles such as neutrons (photo-neutron production). neutrons have important roles during treatment with high energy photons in terms of protection and dose escalation. in this project, neutron dose equivalent of 18 mv varian accelerators is calculated by tld600 and tld700. materials and...

Recent developments in High Level Synthesis tools have attracted software programmers to accelerate their high-performance computing applications on FPGAs. Even though it has been shown that FPGAs can compete with GPUs in terms of performance for stencil computation, most previous work achieve this by avoiding spatial blocking and restricting input dimensions relative to FPGA on-chip memory. In...

Abstract European XFEL is investing in the development of superconducting undulators (SCUs) for future upgrade its beamlines. SCUs made NbTi, working at 2 K, with a period length 15 mm and vacuum gap 5 allow covering range between 54 keV 100 keV. The effect mechanical errors distribution undulator parameter K along more relevant points lower photon energy, which are obtained using higher magnet...

A key parameter of the polar-cap accelerator is a = j/cρGJ, where j is the electric current and ρGJ is the corotation charge density. The customary model assumed a = 1 ± ǫ and found ǫ ≪ 1, steady acceleration of particles, and e creation. The fine-tuning of a to 1 is not, however, favored by the magnetosphere, and the accelerator with |a − 1| > ǫ ∼ 10 is qualitatively different. For 0 < a < 1 −...