BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent decline in physical function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). We aimed to see whether ACE inhibitors also prevent reduction in physical performance and in muscle strength in older women who do not have CHF. METHODS We assessed 3-year rates of decline in both knee extensor muscle strength and walking speed in 641...

During the last decade, two angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, have become accepted into clinical practice and are regarded as effective treatments for hypertension and congestive cardiac failure.' A third agent, lisinopril, had recently become available and others are likely to be introduced in the near future. It is clear, therefore, that more patients, w...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of different classes of antihypertensive treatments, including monotherapy and combination therapy, on survival and major renal outcomes in patients with diabetes. DESIGN Systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. DATA SOURCES Electronic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies...

The lengthy course of IgA nephropathy and the possibility of good outcomes without therapy suggest nontoxic therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs.) Among patients with IgA nephropathy, both ACE inhibitors and ARBs reduce the transglomerular passage of large, but not small, molecules, reducing proteinuria. The antiproteinuric eff...

Ezekowitz et al. (1) recently reported lack of benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in whom estimated creatinine clearance was below 60 ml/min, as opposed to a beneficial effect in those with creatinine clearance above 60 ml/min. The researchers attribute this lack of benefit to a possible interaction between aspirin...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often regarded as substrates for the H+/peptide transporters (PEPT)1 and PEPT2. Even though the conclusions drawn from published data are quite inconsistent, in most review articles PEPT1 is claimed to mediate the intestinal absorption of ACE inhibitors and thus to determine their oral availability. We systematically investigated the interactio...

Diabetic nephropathy is the number one cause of endstage renal disease in the United States. Blockade of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is important in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. With the reports of recently completed trials examining the role of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy, the question has arisen as to which agents are best to block the ...

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are one of the recommended prevention therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the clinical guidelines. Two types (tissue and non-tissue) of ACE inhibitors are available with huge cost difference but the comparative treatment benefit and risk between them are unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the comparat...

In contrast to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), mainly excreted by the liver, the dosage of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, cleared by the kidney, must be adapted to account for renal clearance in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to avoid acute kidney injury (AKI). Community-acquired AKI and the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in the emergency department were retros...

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR RAAS INHIBITION ACE inhibitors and ARBs inhibit the RAAS in distinct ways. ACE inhibitors prevent the enzyme ACE from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II (Table 1) [7, 8]. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor that causes a host of deleterious effects, including vascular damage at the endothelial and structural levels [9]. Angiotensin II is an important cause...