Abstract: The design of retaining walls requires the complete knowledge of the earth pressure distribution behind the wall. Due to the complex soil-structure effect, the estimation of earth pressure is not an easy task; even in the static case. The problem becomes even more complex for the dynamic (i.e., seismic) analysis and design of retaining walls. Several earth pressure models have been de...

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Abstract The determination of the earth pressure coefficients (K) in geotechnical engineering is one most critical procedures designing retaining walls. However, theories are made for either clay or sands, where c-ϕ soils least analysed. In this paper, an analysis drained mixed based Mazindrani and Ganjali (J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 123:110–112, 1997) theory was carried out. Earth generally used...