Regioselective S-acylation of coenzyme A (CoA) is achieved under aqueous conditions using various aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids activated as their methyl acyl phosphate monoesters. Unlike many hydrophobic activating groups, the anionic methyl acyl phosphate mixed anhydride is more compatible with aqueous solvents, making it useful for conducting acylation reactions in an aqueous medium.

S-acylation/deacylation cycles and vesicular transport are critical for an adequate subcellular distribution of S-acylated Ras proteins. H-Ras is dually acylated on cysteines 181 and 184, but it is unknown how these residues individually contribute to H-Ras trafficking. In this study, we characterized the acylation and deacylation rates and membrane trafficking of monoacylated H-Ras mutants to ...

Previously, we found that human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is S-acylated (palmitoylated) in vitro and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse models, and that S-acylation increased for ALS-causing SOD1 mutants relative to wild type. Here, we use the acyl resin-assisted capture (acyl-RAC) assay to demonstrate S-acylation of SOD1 in human post-mortem spinal cord homogenates from ALS ...

Mechanisms that control surface expression and/or activity of large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are important determinants of their (patho)physiological function. Indeed, BK channel dysfunction is associated with major human disorders ranging from epilepsy to hypertension and obesity. S-acylation (S-palmitoylation) represents a major reversible, post-translational modi...

A palladium-catalyzed oxidative acylation of O-phenyl carbamates with a-oxocarboxylic acids via selective aromatic C H bond activation is described. This protocol represents the first ortho-acylation of phenol derivatives, and a catalytic amount of triflic acid additive is crucial for this transformation.

BACKGROUND Acylation of peptide drugs with fatty acid chains has proven beneficial for prolonging systemic circulation as well as increasing enzymatic stability without disrupting biological potency. Acylation has furthermore been shown to increase interactions with the lipid membranes of mammalian cells. The extent to which such interactions hinder or benefit delivery of acylated peptide drugs...

A palladium-catalyzed ortho-acylation of 2-benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles with aldehydes as an acyl source was developed. A wide variety of ketones containing 1,2,3-triazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. This methodology provides a convenient access to the acylation of 2-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles.

A family of 23 DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) proteins that function as mammalian S-acyltransferases has been identified, reinvigorating the study of protein S-acylation. Recent studies have continued to reveal how S-acylation affects target proteins, and have provided glimpses of how DHHC-substrate specificity might be achieved.

The S → N acylation rates of thioester functionalized coumarins on heptakis-[6-deoxy-6-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)]-β-cyclodextrin were measured. A high yield of mono-acylation was achieved with products that form self-inclusion compounds. The differential fluorescence response of the functionalized cyclodextrins upon binding biomacromolecules shows the potential of the constructs as probes.

Lignins from three nonwoody angiosperms were analyzed by 2D NMR revealing important differences in their molecular structures. The Musa textilis milled-wood-lignin (MWL), with a syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of 9, was strongly acylated (near 85% of side-chains) at the gamma-carbon by both acetates and p-coumarates, as estimated from (1)H-(13)C correlations in C(gamma)-esterified and C(gamma)...