Artificial cells (ACs) aim to mimic selected structural and functional features of mammalian cells. In this context, energy generation is an important challenge be addressed when self-sustained systems are desired. Here, mitochondria isolated from HepG2 employed as natural subunits that facilitate chemically driven adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The successful isolation confirmed by mo...

We wish to thank Karen Rutherford, Erna Rollefson, Charles Hill, and Douglas MacPherson for assistance in various phases of these experiments, and Julius Adler for the Lederberg mutants and helpful comments. The following abbreviations are used: Gal, galactose; Gal-1-P, a-D-galactose-1-phosphate; G-1-P, a-D-glucose-l-phosphate; G-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; UDPGal, uridine diphosphogalactose; UDP...

Purinoceptor-mediated responses were characterized in the ileum of Suncus murinus. Adenosine as well as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) contracted the ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. Contractile responses to transmural electrical stimulation were attenuated by adenosine only at high concentrations. Theophylline competitively blocked the adenosine-induced contraction. Atropine also in...

OBJECT This study was performed to compare the coronary microvascular response to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) with the response to adenosine in humans. METHODS Coronary blood flow velocity was determined using a Doppler flow wire. After intracoronary nitroglycerin infusion, intracoronary bolus injections of adenosine (20 microg) and ATP (20 microg) were performed to induce reactive hypere...

This study examined whether adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) modulated inhibitory glycinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons. Inhibitory activity to cardiac vagal neurons was isolated and examined using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in an in vitro brain slice preparation in rats. ATP (100 microM) evoked increases in the frequency of glycinergic and GABAergic miniatu...

We have studied [Ca2+]i signals elicited by extracellular ATP in cultured cells from postnatal day 7-8 rat cerebellum using single-cell fluorescence microscopy and fura-2. Putative Purkinje cells selected under phase contrast by size and characteristic cytoplasm appearance were uniquely identified by selective labeling with anti-calbindin antibodies. Extracellularly applied ATP (50 microM) evok...

An electrochemical biosensor for kinase-catalyzed reactions is coupled with the thiophosphorylation of the substrate peptide using adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio] triphosphate (ATP-S) as the co-substrate.

Introduction: Refractory/unexplained chronic cough (RUCC) is a highly prevalent debilitating condition. The characteristics of RUCC suggest neuronal excitability. biological mechanisms leading to this in humans are uncertain but thought involve changes both the peripheral and central nervous system. Efficacy P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3) antagonists suggests role for extracellular aden...

1. We have measured adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels in isolated leucocyte suspensions from patients with renal failure. 2. Leucocyte ATP is reduced in these patients, unlike erythrocyte ATP which is known to be elevated in uraemia. 3. The relevance of reduced leucocyte ATP to the abnormalities of cation transport and cell function which occur in uraemia is discussed.