The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is one of the leading causative agents of death in immunocompromised individuals. It harbors an arsenal of cell wall anchored factors that are implicated in virulence such as filamentation inducing factors, adhesins, lipases, proteases, and superoxide dismutases. Dse1 is a cell wall protein involved in cell wall metabolism. The purpose of this study is to ch...

BACKGROUND Use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has led to serotype replacement of carriage and acute otitis media (AOM) pneumococcal isolates. Increases in nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (NESp) isolates have also occurred, and there are increasing reports of NESp-associated disease. Disease prevalence and virulence factors of NESp isolates have not been studied. METHODS A chin...

Despite the widespread use of chlorination for microbial control in aqueous environments, cellular response mechanisms of human pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, against chlorination remain unknown. In this work, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate cellular response of S. aureusto hypochlorous acid, an active antimicrobial product of chlorination in aqueous s...

conclusions s. aureus can easily contaminate the chicken nugget and this contamination is usually associated with significant presences of virulence genes. consumption of these nuggets certainly is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. therefore, some food safety and quality standards should be applied and performed in most of the iranian food units to control growth of s. aureus and its v...

introduction: despite high level of vaccination against pertussis‚ whooping cough has re-emerged as a health threat, especially in infants. this could be related to expansion of bordetella pertussis with novel alleles for virulence factors including the pertussis toxin promoter, ptxp3. compared to ptxp1 strains‚ ptxp3 strains produce more pertussis toxin which results in immune suppression and ...

background the most common hospital-acquired pathogen is pseudomonas aeruginosa. it is a multidrug resistant bacterium causing systemic infections. objectives the present study was carried out in order to investigate the distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various types of hospital infections in iran. patients and method...

The recent detection and isolation of C. ureolyticus from patients with diarrhoeal illness and inflammatory bowel diseases warrants further investigation into its role as an emerging pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract. Regarding the pathogenic mechanisms employed by this species we provide the first whole genome analysis of two C. ureolyticus isolates including the type strain. Compar...

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Several studies have reported different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence among Cryptosporidium species and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. The identification and validation of Cryptospo...

The frequency of severe systemic fungal diseases has increased in the last few decades. The clinical use of antibacterial drugs, immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, and advances in surgery are associated with increasing risk of fungal infections. Opportunistic pathogens from the genera Candida and Aspergillus as well as pathogenic fungi from the genus Cryp...

to date, registered users of mobile phone communication network exceeded from total numbers of the world population, while a little knowledge of the biological effects of, 900-1800 mhz microwave radiation, originating from the handsets or the base transceiver stations, have been released. the current study was designed for evaluation of 900-mhz radiation effects on candida albicans proliferatio...