Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (PIT) is a central factor in how cues influence animal behavior. PIT refers to the capacity of a Pavlovian cue that predicts a reward to elicit or increase a response intended to obtain the same reward. In the present study, using an equine model, we assessed whether PIT occurs in hoofed domestic animals and whether its efficacy can be modulated by temperament...

To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in horses, a total of 221 faecal specimenswere collected from 18 villages of Urmia, northwestern Iran. The samples were studied microscopically bymodified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The cryptosporidial infection was found in the collected samples from 11 of18 villages. Although the prevalence of the infection was 15.8%, none of the infecte...

background because of the economic importance of the arab race horses and also the role of toxoplasma gondii and neospora spp. in abortion and reproductive failure of these animals, we decided to perform this study. objectives we designed this study to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora spp. antibodies in arab horses from 12 cities of khuzestan province i...

Hyperimmunization of horses with specific antigens to harvest antisera is associated with high incidence of liver amyloidosis. The histopathologic examination is the gold standard method for diagnosis of the hepatic amyloidosis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the clinical manifestations and serum values of appropriate chemical constituents due to liver injury, provide the...

this study aimed to investigate the relationship between race horse breed and the frequency of limb injuries through the time of training and racing. the study population consisted of 4042 thoroughbred and 2553 arabian horses raced at warsaw race track, from 2000 to 2008. among these horses, 94 thoroughbreds and 32 arabians had different limb injuries. based on the achieved results, it is possi...

contagious equine metritis (cem) is a venereal transmissible and non-systemic disease of horses caused by a gram negative, bacillus or cocco-bacillus and non-motile bacterium, taylorella equigenitalis which can lead a transient infertility in mares. identification of this bacterium is based on microaerophilic culture, but weakness of this bacterium in growth compared with secondary and symbioti...

background: brucellosis is a febrile zoonotic infectionand has worldwide distribution among humans as well asanimals. although the seroprevalence of brucellosis in variousanimals has been described in iran, there is only one report onequine brucellosis in the region. objectives: this study wascarried out to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis inracing clubs and private horse owners in t...

cardiac arrhythmias, caused by disorders in the generation and transmission of cardiac impulses, is included among the heart disorders that cause inefficient blood circulation. the most commonly-used method for diagnosing this disorder is electrocardiography. in this study, we aimed to identify and diagnose different types of arrhythmia prevalent among the seemingly-healthy horses of sanandaj c...