The paper addresses the application of the nonlinear hydrodynamics model (RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) equations) in a wide semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon (Berre lagoon), considering three natural forcing functions, i.e., sea tide propagating through a long narrow channel, wind and runoff. Main attention is focused to characteristic velocities (at free surface and bottom) and to f...

To simulate the dynamic interaction between a saline lagoon and a ground water system, a numerical model for two-dimensional, variable-density, saturated-unsaturated, and coupled flow and solute transport (saltwater intrusion by finite elements and characteristics [SIFEC]) was modified to allow the volume of water and mass of salt in the lagoon to vary with each time step. The modified SIFEC al...

Increase in demand for milk and their products many dairies of different sizes have come up in different places. The dairy industry involves processing raw milk into products such as consumer milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, condensed milk, dried milk (milk powder), and ice cream, using processes such as chilling, pasteurization, and homogenization. The typical by-products of milk are buttermilk, ...

Accurate well-timed measurement of quality variables is essential to the successful monitoring and controlling of wastewater treatment systems. Because the measurements of these variables are difficult and often involve large time delays, predictive models for target quality variables have been widely considered. However, many microbial reactions and their interactions with the environment resu...

Yanbu Lagoon is located close to a huge industrial area. The lagoon is known as a rich marine environment habitat and is classified as an environmentally sensitive area by the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME) of Saudi Arabia and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). The flushing time of Yanbu lagoon is about 2-3 days. The measurements al...

The accelerated urbanisation without a planning, brought several environmental problems to Rio de Janeiro coastal zone, especially in areas such as Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, which receives a great amount of untreated sewage every day. To assess the nature, potentially sources and extent of heavy metal pollution in the lagoon, sediments from the surrounding streets, from the entrance of the mai...

Shell growth, reproduction, and natural mortality of the giant clam Tridacna maxima were characterized over a two-year-period in the lagoon of the high island of Tubuai (Austral Archipelago) and in the semi-closed lagoon of Tatakoto (Tuamotu Archipelago) in French Polynesia. We also recorded temperature, water level, tidal slope, tidal range, and mean wave height in both lagoons. Lower lagoon a...

Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon situated on the East coast of India is separated from Bay of Bengal by sand bars and connected with the sea by a series of tidal inlets. The inlets are maintained by discharges of inflowing streams during monsoon and by tides and ebb tides during non-monsoon. Imbalance in ingress and egress of sediment due to their continuous exchange between s...

A 5 yr spring and summer survey (July 2000 to May 2004) of the elasmobranch fauna of Glover’s Reef Marine Reserve, Belize, documents the use of this oceanic atoll by at least 12 elasmobranch species, including early life-stages of nurse sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum, Caribbean reef sharks Carcharhinus perezi, lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris, and southern stingrays Dasyatis americana. Elasmo...