In this paper, I present a LoRa spread spectrum networking device that provides significant efficiency improvements over previously used techniques through digital techniques. Subsequently, the LoRaWAN network is presented, which can communicate with server available on Internet gateways. Their data rate and transmission power be optimised depending distance from base stations time required for...

Economic development and structural transformation are dynamic processes in which sectoral interactions are numerous and multidirectional. Recent growth literature has noted that many of these effects occur in the form of externalities not captured in a neoclassical accounting of intersectoral resource flows and price adjustments. This work has emphasized, for example, that increasing returns p...

International Food Policy Research Institute discussion papers contain preliminary materials and research results and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most discussion papers will eventually be published in some other form, and their content may be revised. ABSTRACT Public-private partnerships offer potentially ...

Agriculture and health are linked in many ways. First, agriculture is essential for good health: it produces the world's food, fibre and materials for shelter; in many countries it is also an important source of livelihood among the poor. At the same time, agriculture can be linked with poor health, including malnutrition, malaria, foodborne illnesses, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immu...

The Caribbean region has long been characterised by mono-crop agriculture for export while relying on costly imported goods to meet basic needs, a lingering legacy of plantation economies. Since World War II the trend has become increasingly evident in a regional shift away from domestic production of agricultural foodstuff s, resulting in an agricultural deficit as production decreased and foo...

In light of the recent economic crisis, a particular emphasis has been placed on the measurement of productivity and performance of agricultural sectors worldwide. This article deals with the assessment of the performance of the Czech agricultural sector using three measures: multifactor productivity, economic value added, and financial performance. The authors also compared the development of ...

Agricultural system models have become important tools to provide predictive and assessment capability to a growing array of decision-makers in the private and public sectors. Despite ongoing research and model improvements, many of the agricultural models today are direct descendants of research investments initially made 30-40 years ago, and many of the major advances in data, information and...

Agricultural intensification has led to a widespread decline in farmland biodiversity measured across many different taxa. The changes in agricultural practices affect many different aspects of the farmland habitat, but agricultural industry, policy and much previous research has tended to be concerned with specific sectors or practices (e.g. pesticide use or cereal husbandry). Here, we review ...