At impact of a liquid drop on a solid surface, an air bubble can be entrapped. Here, we show that two competing effects minimize the (relative) size of this entrained air bubble: for large drop impact velocity and large droplets, the inertia of the liquid flattens the entrained bubble, whereas for small impact velocity and small droplets, capillary forces minimize the entrained bubble. However,...

Many studies have confirmed that cavitation in xylem is caused by air bubbles. Recently Shen et al. (Tree Physiol. 22 (2002) R655), analysed the expansion of a pre-existent bubble in xylem and one formed by air seeding. The present paper makes a further analysis of bubble expansion by the equilibrium criterion of the Helmholtz function. It has been proved that when xylem pressure P'l decreases ...

Purpose To report the first case of acute angle closure due to a high-pressure Descemet membrane detachment following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) using the "big bubble" technique. Observations A 25-year-old man underwent DALK surgery for keratoconus using the "big bubble" technique in which an air bubble is injected in deep stroma to promote dissection of underlying Descemet me...

The patient was a 65‐year‐old man who had undergone cataract surgery. Owing to a minor Descemet’s membrane detachment in the frontal part of the main wound, an air bubble was injected into the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye. On postoperative day (POD) 1, approximately 50% of the AC consisted of air, and the AC cells were reported to be 2 plus. On POD 2, the patient was referred to the clinic ...

We integrate air bubbles into conductive elastic composite-based stretchable conductors to make them mechanically less stiff and electrically more robust against physical deformations. A surfactant facilitates both the formation and maintenance of air bubbles inside the elastic composites, leading to a simple fabrication of bubble-entrapped stretchable conductors. Based on the unique bubble-ent...

THE introduction of air, or saline, into the eye is a fairly recent innovation. The practice has its advocates and its critics, so that a short review of its uses by one of the former may be of interest. The author's experience, chiefly with air, forms the basis of this paper. Recently, however, it has become apparent to him that there are occasions when saline is preferable. In the conclusion,...

A modified model has been analytically developed to describe the induction time of an elliptic air bubble in contact with an elliptic hydrophobic oil droplet. The role of hydrophobicity was revealed in the slippage of liquid over the surfaces of bubble and droplet. In this condition, the analytical relationships for pressure distribution and consequently hydrodynamic resistance force through th...

Decompression sickness (DCS) after air diving has been treated with success by means of combined normobaric oxygen breathing and intravascular perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions causing increased survival rate and faster bubble clearance from the intravascular compartment. The beneficial PFC effect has been explained by the increased transport capacity of oxygen and inert gases in blood. However, ...

We present ultra-fast homogeneous mixing inside a microfluidic channel via single-bubble-based acoustic streaming. The device operates by trapping an air bubble within a "horse-shoe" structure located between two laminar flows inside a microchannel. Acoustic waves excite the trapped air bubble at its resonance frequency, resulting in acoustic streaming, which disrupts the laminar flows and trig...