We propose two virtual sensors which estimate the location of the pressure peak and the air-fuel ratio from measurements of the ionization current across the spark plug gap. The location of pressure peak virtual sensor produces estimates on a cycle-by-cycle basis for each of the cylinders. These estimates are twice as good as estimates obtained from a linear model. The air-fuel ratio virtual se...

The challenge for Automobile is present emission norms that demands engine for green environment with high performance and low emission. The Low Heat Rejection Engine (LHR Engine) is a technology, which minimizes heat loss to the coolant by providing heat resistance in the heat flow to the coolant. As LHR Engine is used, the heat is not transferred to the surroundings. Another method to improve...

the spray characteristics of the fuel greatly influence emissions from diesel engines. spray development plays a vital role in improving the combustion and emission characteristics of fuel because it directly affects the air- fuel mixture formation. the spray characteristics of fuel mainly depend on fuel injection process, fuel density, fuel viscosity, ambient pressure and temperature. among th...

Boilers are among the most common heating equipment in commercial facilities, often consuming the majority of a facility’s fuel. The load on a boiler plant in a commercial facility constantly fluctuates depending on weather conditions, occupancy rate, and internal heat gains. Proper control of part-load operation can significantly affect energy use. Most boilers in medium-to-large commercial fa...

Abstract – The main objective of the combustion controller in a thermal power plant is to regulate fuel and air in proper ratio to maintain the desired steam pressure at the turbine inlet, irrespective of the changes in steam demand. To achieve a continuous supply of steam at the desired pressure conditions is difficult to cope with inherent time delay, nonlinearity due to uncertainty of the co...

In this study, the effect of recycling fuel cell products on the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid system was investigated. Three types of products recycling are considered: cathode products recycling (CPR), anode products recycling (APR), and both cathode and anode products recycling (BACPR). In the present work,   operating temperature and  limiting curre...

Air path control of a spark ignition engine without an EGR loop, equipped with variable-valve-timing (VVT) actuators, is addressed in this paper. VVT devices are used to produce internal exhaust gas recirculation, providing beneficial effects in terms of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions reduction. However, VVT actuators affect the fresh air charge in the cylinders. This has an impact on...

1n this program,aresearchgasturbinecombustor is used to study the influence of individual variables (in particular, fuel spray characteristics) on primary zone emissions. The unique combustor is operated under realistic conditions and allows for independent control of drop size, fuel-air ratio, air inlet temperature, pressure, reference velocity, and residence time. Also, it lends itself to the...

Actuation schemes exist that permit the joint manage ment of air and fuel ow into the cylinders of a spark ignition engine With the exception of drive by wire systems to date the transient control aspects of these schemes collectively refered to here as secondary cylin der air ow actuators has not received any attention from the control community This paper takes a rst step in the analysis of t...

Polynuclear or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known to be one of the most dangerous hydrocarbons due to their carcinogenic potential. Some PAH have been measured and regulated in the atmosphere to quantify the air quality. However, in order to better understand the presence of these compounds in the atmosphere, it is also important to study the PAH sources. In this paper, the partic...