The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of different durations of skin temperature manipulation on pacing patterns and performance during a 15-km cycling time trial. Nineteen well-trained men completed three 15-km cycling time trials in 18 °C and 50% relative humidity with 4.5-km (short-heat), 9.0-km (long-heat) or without (control) radiant heat exposure applied by infrared heater...

Present-day and projected future changes in mean radiant temperature, T mrt in one northern, one mid-, and one southern European city (represented by Gothenburg, Frankfurt, and Porto), are presented, and the concept of hot spots is adopted. Air temperature, T a , increased in all cities by 2100, but changes in solar radiation due to changes in cloudiness counterbalanced or exacerbated the effec...

The body temperatures of infants weighing less than 1500 g under radiant warmers during routine care were documented in the first week of life. Ten infants (median gestational age 28 weeks, median birthweight 913 g) were studied. During 30 nursing interventions (mean 9.2 minutes) mean oesophageal and foot temperature changed 0 degrees C and -0.11 degrees C, respectively. A radiant warmer may li...

The microclimatic conditions of the urban environment influence significantly thermal comfort human beings. One main biometeorology parameters is Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), which quantifies effective radiative flux reaching a body. Simulation tools have proven useful to analyze behavior an space and its impact on inhabitants. We present new method produce detailed modeling Tmrt spatial di...

In residential heat pump systems, the motivation for secondary loop systems is to allow for the use of flammable or toxic refrigerants with lower global warming potentials than the currently employed HFC refrigerants. The addition of radiant panels as integral building components (embedded in concrete at construction or attached to the underside of wood flooring) is becoming more common. Combin...

Design of a thermally comfortable indoor environment requires detailed information about distribution of air velocity, air temperature, relative humidity, and mean radiant temperature and about heating/cooling load in a space. This research has developed a coupled airflow-and-energy simulation program to calculate simultaneously the distributions of indoor airflow and thermal comfort and heatin...