BACKGROUND Little is known about the influence of environmental factors on the etiology of childhood brain tumors. OBJECTIVES We examined risks for brain tumors in children after prenatal and infant exposure to monitored ambient air toxics. METHODS We ascertained all cases of medulloblastoma, central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and astrocytoma before 6 years of ag...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: CCRs: Cumulative Cancer Risks; ETS: Environmental Tobacco Smoking; HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants; HEATS: Houston Exposure to Air Toxics Study; OVM: Organic Vapor Monitor (3MTM); PAHs: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; PM2.5: Particles Less Than 2.5 Micrometers in Diameter, Fine Particulate Matter; RIOPA: Relationship Among Indoor, Ou...

The reality is that incinerators don’t eliminate toxic substances, they concentrate them. The saying is: toxics in/toxics out. The heavy metals, mercury, lead and cadmium, don’t just disappear; they are basic elements not destroyed by burning. They are still present after incineration, only concentrated in the ash and released to the air from the stack. Of all the trash that enters the incinera...

Occupational and toxicological studies have demonstrated adverse health effects from exposure to toxic air contaminants. Data on outdoor levels of toxic air contaminants have not been available for most communities in the United States, making it difficult to assess the potential for adverse human health effects from general population exposures. Emissions data from stationary and mobile source...

Ambient air quality datasets include missing data, values below method detection limits and outliers, and the precision and accuracy of the measurements themselves are often unknown. At the same time, many analyses require continuous data sequences and assume that measurements are error-free. While a variety of data imputation and cleaning techniques are available, the evaluation of such techni...

The New Haven Community Clean Air Initiative is a pilot project for EPA’s Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy. 1999 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) data reflected that New Haven County had the second highest quantity of air toxic emissions of any county in New England. In response, EPA and the City of New Haven developed a plan to inventory hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from po...