The air transportation system connects the world through transport of goods and people. However, operational inefficiencies such as flight delays cancellations are prevalent, resulting in economic environmental impacts. In first part this article, we review recent advances using network analysis techniques to model interdependencies observed understand role airports connecting populations, serv...

In Air Traffic Control (ATC), controller workload has been an important topic of research. Many studies have been conducted in the past to uncover the art of evaluating workload. Many of which have been centered on the sector complexity or task demand based studies [1,2,3,4]. Moreover, all have the aim to understand the workload that was imposed on the controller and the extent to which the wor...

For at least the past decade, political leaders and policy makers have stressed how important it is for Africa to harness technology, leapfrog development, and take part in the global knowledge economy. In numerous initiatives aimed at realizing these goals, education is a primary target, viewed as a mechanism through which information and communication technologies (ICT) can em­ power societie...

In air traffic control, the wind is a critical factor because it affects, among other important variables, the amount of time an aircraft will take to reach its destination. The authors have developed a method for estimating winds aloft in which the radar tracks of aircraft are used; i.e., data beyond what are already available to terminal air traffic control are not required. The method, which...

OBJECTIVE This systematic review identifies, describes and appraises the literature describing the utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in the early medical response to major incidents. SETTING Early prehospital phase of a major incident. DESIGN Systematic literature review performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIS...

There are four distinct approaches to analyzing the concept of a priori knowledge. The four approaches can be distinguished by posing two questions: 1. What is the primary target of the analysis? 2. Does the analysis of the primary target presuppose some general theory of knowledge or justification? There are two primary targets of analysis. A reductive approach analyzes the concept of a priori...

From a blood lead survey of 11,837 births, 249 newborns were enrolled in a 2-year, longitudinal study. Their blood leads (PbB) were measured semiannually, and their homes were visited for repeated collections of dust, soil, indoor air, tap water, and paint. Recent refinishing activity and the sizes of nearby streets were recorded. Overall mean PbB was 7.2 micrograms/dl (SD = 5.3) at birth. PbB ...

This paper outlines a human error identification (HEI) technique called TRACEr--technique for the retrospective and predictive analysis of cognitive errors in air traffic control (ATC). The paper firstly considers the need for an HEI tool in ATC, and key requirements for the technique are noted. The technique, which comprises a number of inter-related taxonomies, based around a simple cognitive...

Proposals for air traffic management such as Free Flight call for a transfer of responsibility for separation between aircraft from air traffic controllers (ATCos) to pilots. Under many proposals, the role of the ATCo will change from one of active control to passive monitoring. The present study directly compared these types of control with respect to ATCo mental workload, conflict detection, ...