The Asian monsoon region is the most prominent moisture center of water vapor in the lower stratosphere (LS) during boreal summer. Previous studies have suggested that the transport of water vapor to the Asian monsoon LS is controlled by dehydration temperatures and convection mainly over the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia. However, there is a clear geographic variation of convection associat...

long recognized.3-5 Consequently, there has been a growing interest in investigating what changes in air quality may be brought about by the possible future changes in climate. The common assumption has been that warmer temperatures accompanying climate change will enhance pollution. However, due to the complex interplay of meteorology and chemistry in the formation of pollutants such as PM2.5 ...

Climate change has been predicted to affect future air quality, with inevitable consequences for health. Quantifying the health effects of air pollution under a changing climate is crucial to provide evidence for actions to safeguard future populations. In this paper, we review published methods for quantifying health impacts to identify optimal approaches and ways in which existing challenges ...

To further increase the realism of ray tracing, we take the idea of distributed ray tracing and add on to it mirage rendering. Mirages are seen quite often in our daily lives, and in order to make computer generated images look as realistic as possible, it is necessary to add things, such as mirage rendering, that are seen in the natural world. Mirages are caused by light passing from colder ai...

The effects of four climate change scenarios for the Netherlands on the distribution of the shipworm upstream of the Rhine-Meuse estuary are described. Global warming will cause dry and warmer summers and decreased river discharges. This will extend the salinity gradient upstream in summer and fall and may lead to attacks on wooden structures by the shipworm. Scenarios including one or two degr...