BACKGROUND Eosinophilic inflammation of the airway is usually associated with airway hyper-responsiveness in bronchial asthma. However, there is a small group of patients which has the eosinophilic inflammation in the bronchial tree with normal spirometry and no evidence of airway hyper-responsiveness, which was named eosinophilic bronchitis. The objectives of this study are 1) to investigate t...

Objective: To evaluate and compare the protective effects of salbutamol and montelukast in amelioration of insulin induced airway hyper-reactivity on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig in vitro. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized control trials (Experimental study). Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacology Department and Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicin...

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. An excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defective endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms may be present in asthma. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is one of the most important reducing agents against oxidant free radicals. A reducing agent, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), a prodrug of c...

phosphodiesterases  (pde)  hydrolyse intracellular camp  and  cgmp  to  inactive  5’ monophosphates. decreased level of camp is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. we and others have shown that phosphodiesterases were upregulated in the lung of allergic rats, and bacilli calmette-guérin (bcg) induced the production of camp in vitro. however, it is unclear how bcg’s effect asthma and whether...

Release of human lung mast cell tryptase may be important in the pathophysiology of asthma. We examined the effect of the reversible, nonelectrophilic tryptase inhibitor MOL 6131 on airway inflammation and hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. MOL 6131 is a potent selective nonpeptide inhibitor of human lung mast cell tryptase based upon a beta-strand template (K(i) = 45 nM) that does n...

Increases in asthma worldwide have been associated epidemiologically with expanding urban air pollution. The mechanistic relationship between airway hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, and ambient airborne triggers remains ambiguous. Acrolein, a ubiquitous aldehyde pollutant, is a product of incomplete combustion reactions. Acrolein is abundant in cigarette smoke, effluent from industrial smoke...

Airways reactivity, hyper-reactivity, and hyper-responsiveness are terms used to describe airways for which there appears to be increased bronchial smooth muscle tone or responsiveness. Some patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have concomitant asthma causing airway hyperresponsiveness as manifested by recurrent acute symptoms of dyspnea that is impressively responsive to an inhaled beta 2 agonis...

BACKGROUND A DNA vaccine encoding the whole segment of the Derp2 allergen could prevent allergic airway inflammation in a Derp2 allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation mouse model. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of DNA vaccine encoding Derp2-mutant gene in which an IgE epitope was deleted on airway inflammation and the role of TLR9 in the asthmatic mouse model. METHODS A...

Recommendations for the standardisation of bronchial challenge were made in 1985, and updated in 1993. However, neither document recommended a single protocol or even criteria that would recommend the adoption of a particular method. Even the terminology lacks uniformity, bronchial responsiveness being used in this review in the hope that it oVends the fewest number of readers. Distinction has ...