Among the physiological races of Nacobbus aberrans Thorne and Allen, only the "sugarbeet" race is present in the United States (5). This race reproduces on kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) but not on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. and S. tuberosum subsp, andigena Jus. and Buk.) (5). Koch...

The widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant (HR) Kochia scoparia is an increasing concern for growers in the US Great Plains and Canada. K. scoparia populations resistant to dicamba have been reported in six US states. Populations cross-resistant to dicamba and fluroxypyr have been reported from wheat fields in Montana, USA. It is unclear whether resistance to the auxinic herbicides (dicam...

Seedling is an indispensable stage in plant cycle life, and seedling survival is important during natural vegetation restoration, especially on the Loess Plateau. In 2007, we selected 4 plots of Artemisia scoparia communities (ASC) and 4 plots of Artemisia gmelinii + Artemisia giraldii communities (AGC), examined seedling richness, diversity during the rainy season, and examined mature vegetati...

This study was carried out to evaluate the Brine shrimp lethality (cytotoxicity), antiglycation, phytotoxicity, antiplatelet, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of Ajuga bracteosa. The n-hexane fraction of Ajuga bracteosa was investigated for various biological activities in vitro. Hexane extract showed promising phytotoxicity (100%) at the highest dose only. Interestingly, n-hexane fract...

Two new antifungal withanolides, (1) and (2) have been isolated from the defatted methanolic extract of Ajuga parviflora. Their structures were established as 3/3,17/3,20-trihydroxyl-oxo-(20/?, 22/?)-witha-5,14,24-trienolide (1), 28-hydroxy-14,20-epoxy-l-oxo-(22/?)-witha2,5,24-trienolide (2) on the basis of spectroscopic data including two dimensional NMR tech­ niques. The pyrrolizidine alkaloi...

A coarse-grained, rigid-rod model that includes steric interactions and an internal dipole is used to study monolayers of surfactant molecules tethered to a flat interface. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in the canonical ensemble for a range of high-density configurations with varying degrees of dipole strength. Both a melting transition and a tilting transition are observed, and the dep...