Fine-tuning the charge transfer chromophores in a series of [2]rotaxane flip-switches yields a unique optical signal (purple colour) for one of the interactions allowing for facile determination of the position of the flip-switch equilibrium.

in order to  study of environment × genotype interaction and selection of stable and high yielding and cold  tolerant chickpea lines, this study carried out  with 13 chickpea genotypes along with one local check (jam) in a rcb design with four replications during three cropping seasons (2009-2012) in agricultural research station of maragheh (dari). the genotypes were exposed to cold temperatur...

We report the experimental realization of coherent electron spin flip in a modulation-doped CdTe quantum well. Coherent spin rotation is realized with an off-resonant laser pulse, which induces a polarization-dependent optical Stark shift in the trion resonance. Complete electron spin flip is made possible by a laser pulse designed to avoid excessive excitations of nearby exciton resonances and...

Scalability of packet switched cross-connects that utilize all-optical signal processing is a crucial issue that eventually determines the future role of photonic signal processing in optical networks. After reviewing several labeling techniques, we discuss label stacking and label swapping techniques and their benefits for scalable optical packet switched nodes. All-optical devices for impleme...