A protic ionic liquid is designed and implemented for the first time as a solvent high energy density vanadium redox flow battery. Despite being less conductive than standard aqueous electrolytes, it thermally stable on 100 °C temperature window, chemically at least 60 days, equally viscous dense with typical solvents most importantly able to solubilize 6 mol L-1 sulfate, thus increasing VRFB b...

A 3D pore-scale transport resolved model is used to study the performance characteristics of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) with various electrode morphologies under different operating conditions. Three electrode structures are reconstructed from X-ray computed tomography (XCT) images of porous carbon felt electrode materials. The local vanadium concentration, overpotential, current dens...

Redox-flow batteries are relevant to store energy from intermittent sources such as solar panels or wind turbines, thereby smoothing their supply. Up now, most redox-flow based on vanadium. Vanadium is a rare and expensive material, thus recent research has focused organic compounds and, in particular, anthraquinones electroactive materials. However, the tunability of chemistry poses needle-in-...