tuberculosis is a serious global public health problem and its high prevalence is stron gly associated with the enhancement of drug resistance. in this study we demonstrate a multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (mas)-pcr assay to simultaneously detect mutations in the first and third bases of the embb gene codon 306 atg in ethambutol (emb) resistant isolates of mycobacterium tub...

Some of the methods of estimation of allele frequencies and inbreeding coefficients in a K-allele model are examined. A result that has long been assumed to be true is proved. That is, in the presence of inbreeding, the maximum likelihood estimators of the allele frequencies and of the inbreeding coefficient f do not in general equal their observed (or sample) values (except when K 1⁄4 2). A le...

CYP2C19 polymorphisms are important factors for proton pump inhibitor-based therapy. We examined the genotypes and analyzed distribution among ethnicities clinical outcomes in Indonesia. employed polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to determine evaluated inflammation severity with updated Sydney system. For CYP2C19*2, 46.4% were homozygous wild-type allele,...

  Background: Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is important in metabolism of wide range of drugs. CYP2C19*17 is a novel variant allele which increases gene transcription and therefore results in ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotype (URM). Distribution of this variant allele has not been well studied worldwide. The aim of present study was to investigate allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C19*17 ...

Objective(s): The population in Iran is a genetic admixture of the ancestral Aryan and other populations neighboring Iran. Different ethnic groups in Iran show wide regional distributions for many human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Therefore, it is necessary and sensible to study the differences in HLA allele distribution in different area. We studied the HLA class I and II allele frequenci...

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has recently become a major problem in developed countries especially in immune compromised HIV infected individuals. Cytokines, their genes and receptors have been implicated in the protective immunity, pathophysiology and development of tuberculosis.   Material & Methods: In the present study the genotype frequencies of a number of polymorphic genes co...

background: hla-g gene contains 15 alleles including a null allele, hla-g*0105n. previous studies have shown that hla-g*0105n does not encode the complete hla-g1 or hla-g5 isoforms but encodes a functional hla-g protein with the ability to in-hibit nk cell cytolysis. thus, although the biological functions of hla-g1 and hla-g5 proteins are abrogated, other isoforms such as hla-g2 can replace th...