Last, the current locations for counseling and prevention activities are Kabul, Herat, Faizabad, Gardez, and Kandahar with Nejat Center (Kabul) and GTZ working as separate entities. GTZ is working with NGO partners KOR in Kabul and Faizabad, with Wadan in Gardez and Kandahar, and with SHRO in Herat. We apologize for any misrepresentation and thank Dr. Bayan Shairshah for bringing this to our at...

BACKGROUND Using the aggregated data of all sentinel sero-surveys (1991 to 2007), this study aimed to report the HIV trend among Iranian prisoners. METHOD Overall, we analysed the aggregated data from 397 HIV sero-surveys conducted in 72 prisons (included 155,771 prisoners) from 1991 through 2007. RESULTS The overall HIV prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.8%-4.3%). In 1998, HIV prevalence drama...

The questions below and the accompanying answers are provided as a guide to assist NPCs and others when dealing with issues that may be raised by police and other people regarding harm reduction approaches. These are frequently asked questions that are generic and not country or culturally specific, they can be applied just about anywhere. The answers should not necessarily be seen as ‘conclusi...

The clinical microsystem puts medical error and harm reduction into the broader context of safety and quality of care by providing a framework to assess and evaluate the structure, process, and outcomes of care. Eight characteristics of clinical microsystems emerged from a qualitative analysis of interviews with representatives from 43 microsystems across North America. These characteristics we...

the ministry of health, treatment and medical education of iran has recently announced an estimated figure of 200,000 injecting drug users (idus). the aim of this study was to pilot a national program using demographics, types of drug abuse and prevalence of blood-borne infections among idus.in order to elicit data on demographics, types of drug abuse and prevalence of blood-borne infections am...

Background Patients' changing attitudes and beliefs about pain are considered as improvements in the treatment of chronic pain. Multidisciplinary approaches to pain allow modifications of coping strategies of patients, from passive to active. Methods We investigate how two therapeutic treatments impact patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding pain, as measured with the Survey of Pain Attitudes...

This paper focuses on the study of a linear eigenvalue problem with indefinite weight and Robin type boundary conditions. We investigate the minimization of the positive principal eigenvalue under the constraint that the absolute value of the weight is bounded and the total weight is a fixed negative constant. Biologically, this minimization problem is motivated by the question of determining t...