Special species of Burmese amber are highly valued within the gemological market due to their fancy optical characteristics. However, some ordinary misidentified as precious species, which has disrupted consumers’ purchasing behavior and order. In this study, seven (golden, golden-blue, blood-tea, black-tea, green-tea, brownish-red, ‘chameleon’ amber) were collected investigated. By using conve...

RNA editing at adenosine 1012 (amber/W site) in the antigenomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) allows two essential forms of the viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), to be synthesized from a single open reading frame. Editing at the amber/W site is thought to be catalyzed by one of the cellular enzymes known as adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). In vitro, the enzymes AD...

The terpenoid compositions of the Late Cretaceous Xixia amber from Central China and the middle Miocene Zhangpu amber from Southeast China were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to elucidate their botanical origins. The Xixia amber is characterized by sesquiterpenoids, abietane and phyllocladane type diterpenoids, but lacks phenolic abietanes and labdane derivatives. The ...

A strain of Escherichia coli harboring the drug resistance plasmid RP1 was treated with the mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and mutants were isolated in which ampicillin resistance had been lost due to an amber mutation in the plasmid. One of these mutants was again treated, and a strain was isolated in which tetracycline resistance was also lost due to an amber mutation in...

A new fossil species of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) from upper Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine) is described: Bocchus rex sp. nov. It compared with two other known European amber: B. primaevus Martins & Melo Baltic and schmalhauseni Perkovsky, Olmi, Vasilenko, Capradossi Guglielmino amber. key to the Cretaceous Paleogene presented. The Dryininae are most common representatives in all ...

light, amber and dark colored kernels were rated by eye on a scale of 3 different genotypes (zh1, zh2 and zh3). the oil content was measured using the soxhlet extraction method, ranged from 57.26 to 68.29%, for zh1 (light) and zh2 (amber) respectively. fatty acid compositions were measured using gas chromatography. the main fatty acids were linoleic, oleic and linolenic acids, respectively. als...

The AMBER lipid force field has been updated to create Lipid14, allowing tensionless simulation of a number of lipid types with the AMBER MD package. The modular nature of this force field allows numerous combinations of head and tail groups to create different lipid types, enabling the easy insertion of new lipid species. The Lennard-Jones and torsion parameters of both the head and tail group...

The replication of poliovirus RNA genomes containing amber mutations was studied to test whether viral proteins provided in trans could rescue the replication of an RNA genome that could not be completely translated itself. Mutants containing amber codons at different positions in the genome displayed vastly different abilities to be rescued by wild-type proteins provided by a helper genome. Am...

India is considered one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world (Mittermeier et al. 2004), being a member of the IndoBurma hotspot, which formerly included the Himalaya chain and the associated foothills in Nepal, Bhutan and India. The great diversity of fauna and flora in India is probably due to the large diversity of ecosystems and also probably due to its complex biogeographic and geodyna...

A new species, Janzenella theia Bremer & Talamas, sp. nov. , is described from Baltic amber, which the second known species of family Janzenellidae (Platygastroidea). Synchrotron scanning was performed to observe internal structures and external morphology that occluded by turbidity in amber matrix surrounding specimen.