An efficient bidirectional charging-discharging switching system for two energy banks application is proposed. The system accepts the regulated charges from the charge controller before storing into the respective energy bank. When extra solar energy is available, the system is able store the energy into the storage bank that is connected to the system. On the other hand, either energy bank wil...

The definition of the ampere will change in the next few years. This electrical base unit of the S.I. will be redefined by fixing the value of the charge quantum, i.e., the electron charge e. As a result electron pumps will become the natural device for the mise en pratique of this new ampere. In the last years semiconductor electron pumps have emerged as the most advanced systems, both in term...

We report a detailed experimental study of the complex behavior of a dc low-pressure plasma discharge tube of the type commonly used in commercial illuminated signs, in a microfluidic chip recently proposed for visible analog computing, and other practical devices. Our experiments reveal a clear quasiperiodicity route to chaos, the two competing frequencies being the relaxation frequency and th...

This paper presents estimation of d-axis and q-axis inductance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) by using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF is widely used for control applications including the motor sensorless control and parameter estimation. The motor parameters can be changed by temperature and air-gap flux. In particular, the variation of the inductance affec...

The main objective of this paper is to show a methodology to implement a Maximum Torque per Ampere Strategy (MTPA) in an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM). IPMSM ́s have been broadly used on industry in the last years for having excellent dynamic performance and high power density. In this article, vector control and MTPA theory and criteria are firstly detailed. Then, the ma...

This study aimed to develop new statistical models for evaluating the specific ampere draw (SI) based on rock brittleness index in rock sawing process. A variety of rocks, including carbonate and granite, were cut by a fully instrumented laboratory-sawing rig with two different types of circular diamond saws. Laboratory tests were performed at different depths of cut and feed rates. Multiple cu...

Recently, Inner permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines have been introduced as a possible traction motor in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and traction applications due to their unique merits. In order to achieve maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), optimization of the motor geometry parameters is necessary. This paper Presents a design method to achieve minimum volume, MTPA and minimum ...

The base electrical unit, the ampere, was defined in 1960 and its realization was carried out by means of a Pellat-type balance. This experiment was typically difficult, time consuming and the achieved uncertainty was close to 8.10. As a result, in practice, the realization of electrical units does not start with ampere of which the representation requires the volt and the ohm. Two discoveries ...