There are a several drugs that lead to the production of methamphetamine and/or amphetamine in the body which are subsequently excreted in the urine. These drugs raise obvious concerns when interpreting positive amphetamine drug testing results. Famprofazone is an analgesic found in a multi-ingredient medication (Gewodin) used for pain relief. Two Gewodin tablets (50 mg of famprofazone) were ad...

Repeated, intermittent treatment of rats with amphetamine results in a sensitization of locomotor and stereotyped behaviors that is accompanied by an enhancement in stimulus-induced dopamine release. Increased phosphorylation of the neural specific calmodulin-binding protein, neuromodulin (GAP-43, B-50, F1) has been demonstrated in other forms of synaptic plasticity and plays a role in neurotra...

Amphetamines modify the brain and alter behavior through mechanisms generally attributed to their ability to regulate extracellular dopamine concentrations. However, the actions of amphetamine are also linked to adaptations in glutamatergic signaling. We report here that when amphetamine enters dopamine neurons through the dopamine transporter, it stimulates endocytosis of an excitatory amino a...

Cross-reactivity with Diagnostic Products Corporation (DPC) amphetamine and methamphetamine radioimmunoassay (RIA) reagents was determined for amphetamine, methamphetamine, and a number of amphetamine analogs. Concentrations from 100 to 100,000 ng/mL were assayed. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) showed significant cross-reactivity for the ampheta...

Athletes use amphetamines to improve their performance through largely unknown mechanisms. Considering that body temperature is one of the major determinants of exhaustion during exercise, we investigated the influence of amphetamine on the thermoregulation. To explore this, we measured core body temperature and oxygen consumption of control and amphetamine-trea ted rats running on a treadmill ...

Whether amphetamine acts principally at the plasma membrane or at synaptic vesicles is controversial. We find that d-amphetamine injection into the Planorbis giant dopamine neuron causes robust dopamine release, demonstrating that specific amphetamine uptake is not required. Arguing for action at vesicles, whole-cell capillary electrophoresis of single Planorbis dopamine neurons shows that amph...

1. (14)C-labelled amphetamine and methamphetamine were injected into rats cannulated at the bile duct under thiopentone anaesthesia and the output of their metabolites in urine and bile was determined. 2. With amphetamine, 69% of the (14)C was excreted in the urine and 16% in the bile in 24h. The main metabolite in bile was the glucuronide of 4-hydroxyamphetamine. The output of unchanged amphet...

Amphetamine is taken up through the dopamine transporter in nerve terminals and enhances the release of dopamine. We previously found that incubation of rat striatal synaptosomes increases phosphorylation of the presynaptic neural-specific protein, neuromodulin (Gnegy et al., Mol. Brain Res. 20:289-293, 1993). Using a state-specific antibody, we now demonstrate that incubation of rat striatal s...

To evaluate the importance of the conformation of amphetamine in eliciting its various central nervous system effects, the conformationally defined analogs of amphetamine. In this series of isomeric amines, the exo-2 and anti-9 isomers resemble the fully extended conformation of amphetamine, whereas the endo-2 and syn-9 isomers resemble the folded conformation. The exo-2 and anti-9 isomers were...

Psychostimulants show therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is generally assumed that they ameliorate ADHD symptoms via interfering with monoaminergic signaling. We combined behavioral pharmacology, neurochemistry and molecular analyses to identify mechanisms underlying the paradoxical calming effect of amphetamine in low trait anxiety beha...