Ortogenesis, stress and psychoactive substances addiction The investigation of the mechanisms of drug abuse and addiction showed great advances in the last decades. New concepts emerged from the scientific evidences on behavioral and neural aspects of this phenomenon. However, the biggest challenge for the future is the identification of which risk factors are implicated in the transition from ...

Rationale: Amphetamine abuse by adolescents predicts long-term drug dependence. Heightened vulnerability to drug abuse could be due to higher sensitivity to drug’s reinforcing effects. Rodents are used to study age-related sensitivities to drugs. Objective: We compared intravenous amphetamine self-administration between adolescent and adult male rats on an operant schedule of reinforcement meas...

While chewing and grinding movements have been observed in amphetamine addicts, recognition and management of this problem have rarely been highlighted. Botulinum toxin (BTX) has previously been demonstrated to be effective for bruxism associated with movement disorders, such as cranial-cervical dystonia. However, there is little information on its use in tardive bruxism. Here we report an amph...

conclusions: relationships between the spiritual intelligence and resiliency parameters with withdrawal time show that these parameters can have a role in relapse protection among addicted people. results: there were significant positive correlations between resiliency and scores of spiritual intelligence as well as with subscales of spiritual intelligence. in addition, there were significant p...

Stress is a physiological, adaptive response to changes in the environment, but can also lead to pathological alterations, such as relapse in psychiatric disorders and drug abuse. Evidence demonstrates that the dopamine (DA) system plays a role in stress; however, the nature of the effects of sustained stressors on DA neuron physiology has not been adequately addressed. By using a combined elec...

conclusions the results showed that having an addicted husband could strongly affect some sexual domains in women. it could change the pattern of desire and motivation for sexual contact in females and alter their attitude toward the sexual relationship, thereby causing disturbances in the females’ normal sexual function. results according to the results, the frequency of hypoactive sexual desi...

Of all possible childhood disorders, attentiondeficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) accounts for more than any mental health, special education, and behavioral referrals in pediatric medicine. Behavioral modification techniques and stimulant medications are the mainstay of current ADHD therapy. Adderall, which is a mixture of 75% of the d-isomer of amphetamine and 25% of the lisomer, is one of ...

BACKGROUND The neurotransmitter norepinephrine has been implicated in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Examination of synaptic norepinephrine concentrations in the living brain may be possible with positron emission tomography (PET), but has been hampered by the lack of suitable radioligands. METHODS We explored the use of the novel α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist PET tracer [(11)C]OR...

Here, we extended our findings from a genome-wide association study of the euphoric response to d-amphetamine in healthy human volunteers by identifying enrichment between SNPs associated with response to d-amphetamine and SNPs associated with psychiatric disorders. We found that SNPs nominally associated (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01) with schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder we...

aims: drug addiction is a mental, social, and economic problem that comes from abnormal and illicit consumption of substances such as alcohol, opium, hashish, and etc., making the addict psychologically and physiologically dependent to those substances. this study was designed and performed to evaluate the pattern of drug abuse change in the addicts visiting addiction treatment centers of kasha...