OBJECTIVE Antiretrovirals do not prevent anal intraepithelial neoplasia. However, the influence of antiretrovirals in the natural history of invasive anal cancer is less clear. The objective is to investigate the impact of antiretrovirals in the time to the development of anal cancer in HIV-positive MSM. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of cases of anal cancer in a cohort of HIV-positive MSM r...

intraosseous ganglia can affect the carpal bones of the hand and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of wrist pain. a 38-year-old female presented with a 14-month history of left wrist pain and a radiolucent cystic lesion was seen computed tomography (ct) scanning. characteristic radiographic findings of a cyst in association with a fine sclerotic rim was apparent. we report an unu...

A 34-year-old man presented to our pain clinic with a rectourethral fistula following urethroplasty for posttraumatic stricture urethra. Following urethroplasty, the patient’s urinary obstruction was not relieved, so he underwent suprapubic cystostomy. During the passage of urine through the suprapubic cystostomy catheter, a small amount of urine leaked out through the urethra and anal opening,...

Classifying all of the ganglion cells in the mammalian retina has long been a goal of anatomists, physiologists, and cell biologists. The rabbit retinal ganglion cell layer was phenotyped using intrinsic small molecule signals (aspartate, glutamate, glycine, glutamine, GABA, and taurine) and glutamate receptor-gated 1-amino-4-guanidobutane excitation signals as the clustering dimensions for for...

Glaucoma is a complex disease affecting an estimated 70 million people worldwide, characterised by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and accompanying visual field loss. The common site of damage to retinal ganglion cells is thought to be at the optic nerve head, however evidence from other optic neuropathies and neurodegenerative disorders suggests that dendritic structures...

PURPOSE The incidence of anal cancer is high in patients with anal condyloma. HIV increases this risk. We analyzed anal mucosa from normal individuals and individuals with condyloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Normal anal mucosa from 155 consecutively recruited patients (102 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative) with anal condyloma was compared with that obtained from 30 HIV-negative patients after hemo...

PURPOSE To characterize neuropeptide distribution in the ciliary ganglion of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). METHODS Cryostat tissue sections of fixed rhesus monkey ciliary, pterygopalatine, superior cervical, and trigeminal ganglia were incubated with antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), tyrosine hyd...

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness, affecting 70∼80 million people around the world. The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the main cause of blindness related to this disease. Current therapies do not provide enough protection and regeneration of RGCs. A novel opportunity for treatment of glaucoma is application of technologies related to stem cell and gene therapy. I...

Retinal implants are intended to help patients with degenerative conditions by electrically stimulating surviving cells to produce artificial vision. However, little is known about how individual retinal ganglion cells respond to direct electrical stimulation in degenerating retina. Here we used a transgenic rat model to characterize ganglion cell responses to light and electrical stimulation d...

Retinal ganglion cells show direction selectivity in their responses to moving stimuli. The circuitry necessary to generate directional selectivity in these cells has been long debated. Yoshida et al. (2001) use immunotoxin-mediated cell ablation to demonstrate that the starburst amacrine cell is at the core of this computation.