female genital mutilation in different parts of the african continent isconsidered as one of the vast territory’s social problems. this social problem whichis accounted as an old tradition in different countries of the african continent hashad so many unpleasant physical and mental effects on urban and rural africanwomen during recent centuries. throughout recent decades, considerable effortsha...

in order to understand what educational planning means, it is necessary to understand what is meant by planning and what a plan is. it is from this level that we will go into the explanation of educational planning in urban planning and architecture. the finding of research shows fundamental discourse that has been surveyed in this paper. character of educational planning in urban studies concl...