This article examines the structural and semiotic functions of vocables in rap music. Analytical studies rapping voice have predominantly focused on lyrics, rhyme, accent, rhythm, emergent property flow. Although timbral aspects play an important role rappers’ flow, identity construction, reception, investigations timbre non-lexical expression (e.g., vocables) remain comparatively rare. As a ca...

The stretching and recoiling of polymer chains leads to the characteristic ridge pattern as a soft material exits narrow nozzle.