In this paper we study the evolution of the labor share in the OECD since 1970. We show it is essentially related to the capital-output ratio; that this relationship is shifted by factors like the price of imported materials or the skill mix; and that discrepancies between the marginal product of labor and the real wage (due to, e.g., product market power, union bargaining, and labor adjustment...

Overview In this chapter we examine the relationship between increases in the capital stock and economic growth. We first discuss whether an economy can always grow if it increases only its capital stock. Under certain plausible assumptions, we show this is not possible, and that poorer countries should therefore grow faster than wealthy ones, whose economies will depend more on technological p...

Health and education are both components of human capital and contributors to human welfare. One index of human welfare, which incorporates income, education and health, shows that Africa’s level of ‘human development’ is the lowest of any region in the world. In this paper we will frequently compare Africa with South Asia. While Africa’s level of human development is lower than that of South A...

Moving on from [Coleman, J.S., 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, London] and [Putnam, R.D., Leonardi, R., Nanetti, R.Y., 1993. Making Democracy Work Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, Chichester], an ever-growing literature claims that repeating trustful interactions in the economy do sediment ...

Maintaining Social Ties: Social Capital in a Global Information Age John F. Helliwell Abstract Recent research has documented that social and economic relations remain strikingly local, at least especially when viewed in the light of many discussions of globalization. The main evidence for this is that the density of social and economic exchanges declines far more with distance, and with the cr...

Public and private expenditure on educational institutions accounts for about 6% of the collective GDP of the OECD member countries, or roughly $1,300 billion dollars each year. This figure understates the true opportunity cost of educational investments, since it does not take into account forgone earnings. Overall, it should be clear that the provision of education represents a major commitme...

Social capital in the form of entrepreneurial networks is found to be a determinant of Ghanaian manufacturing enterprise performance. Entrepreneurs with larger, more diverse sets of contacts have more productive enterprises. Entrepreneurs also benefit from the networking activity of others. There is some evidence that the networks facilitate flows of knowledge between enterprises. A simple theo...

This paper provides what we believe to be the first collection of data on social capital in the transition countries of central/eastern Europe and of the former Soviet Union. Using data from the World Values Survey 1990 and 1995 we document the degree of trust and of civic participation and find that these indicators of social capital are significantly lower than in OECD countries (Organisation...

THE CURRENT DISCUSSION of capital formation in the United States reflects a general belief that investment has been inadequate during the 1970s and that this shortfall explains a large part of the current economic difficulties. The productivity slowdown, in particular, is often blamed on the failure of investment to keep the capital stock growing as fast as the number of workers. Specific concl...

health lifestyle is known pattern of collective behaviors that engage in risky health problems and their causes and reasons of health to ensure. accomplished explanations mainly have considered on determinatives such as structural and social factors individual choices. this survey, as a similar approach, focused on discovers the capital causes that influencing on individual choices, which affec...