Major clinical endpoints of general anesthesia, such as the alteration of consciousness, are achieved through effects of anesthetic agents on the central nervous system, and, more precisely, on the brain. Historically, clinicians and researchers have always been interested in quantifying and characterizing those effects through recordings of surface brain electrical activity, namely electroence...

The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is designed to perform four major functions: (1) oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination, (2) circulation of blood, (3) systemic cooling and rewarming, and (4) diversion of blood from the heart to provide a bloodless surgical field. Typically, venous blood is drained by gravity from the right side of the heart into a reservoir that serves as a large m...

1. Introduction Infants and children undergoing anesthesia for neurosurgical procedures present unique challenges for the anesthesiologist. Advances in neurosurgical techniques and technology have changed the face of pediatric neurosurgery and led to improved outcomes for pediatric neurosurgical patients. Basic concepts of neuroanesthesia care are similar in all ages. In this review, we will fo...

CONTEXT Pre-existing renal dysfunction presents specific features that anesthesiologists must deal with. Anesthesia and renal function are connected and can interfere with each other. Induced hypotension anesthesia and the toxic effects of anesthetic drugs can further deteriorate renal function. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Decreased renal function can prolong anesthetic drug effects by decreased eli...

Background/Aim. When it comes to anesthesia, patient satisfaction (PS) is more difficult assess than in any other medical specialty. The aim of this study was construct a tool for assessing PS with anesthesia and then examine the effects postoperative care provided by anesthesiologists on PS. Methods. included patients undergoing general due reconstruction anterior cruciate knee ligament who we...