probiotics are beneficial microorganisms of intestine with useful effects on growth and health of the animals by the colonization. in present study, effects of two different probiotic as bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated on growth parameters, survival, and body composition of a. franciscana. also the resistance against pathogenic bacteria of vibrio campbellii was ...

The objective of many animal experiments is to detect meaningful relationships among treatments and associated responses. Types of comparisons of means include pairwise multiple comparisons, planned orthogonal or nonorthogonal contrasts, and orthogonal polynomials. Some procedures are appropriate only for specific types of treatment designs and specific types of objectives. Pairwise, multiple c...

Animal models have been developed to simulate angiographic vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to test pharmacologic treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of pharmacologic treatments that have been tested in humans and in preclinical studies to determine if animal models inform results reported in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis of SAH studies was per...

Frontotemperal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two common neurodegenerative diseases. TDP-43 is considered to be a major disease protein in FTLD/ALS, but it's exact role in the pathogenesis and the effective treatments remains unknown. To address this question and to determine a potential treatment for FTLD/ALS, the disease animal models of TDP-43 proteinop...

Objective: In this study investigated effects of different amounts of pelleted manure with urea and micro elements on yield and seed quality of medicinal plants, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca). Methods: The animal manure and urea as pellet with four levels (150 Kg urea, 50 Kg urea + 3.5 ton animal manure, 100 (Kg) urea+ 1.5 ton animal manure and 150 (Kg) urea+1.5 ton animal man...

Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an important cause of hemorrhagic stroke. The etiology is largely unknown and the therapeutics are controversial. A review of AVM-associated animal models may be helpful in order to understand the up-to-date knowledge and promote further research about the disease. We searched PubMed till December 31, 2014, with the term "arteriovenous malformation," li...

22-151 ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and improved productivity of reduced tillage pasture renovation methods in the establishment of triple species pasture mixtures into an existing naturalized stand. Experimental treatments, 2 (low and high stocking rates) by 2 (frostand sod-seeding methods) factorial with an additional non-renovated pasture contro...

Fear of humans is a source of stress for Holstein dairy cattle and can result when animals are handled aversively. We used aversion learning techniques to determine which handling practices cattle find most aversive. In an aversion race, the cows are repeatedly walked down a race and treatments applied when they reached the end; the time and force required for cows to walk down the race are mea...

Combination therapy has been identified as a promising strategy to improve stroke management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from animal models of ischemic stroke to determine whether combining treatments improved efficacy. Multiple databases were searched and data were extracted from focal ischemia experiments comparing control groups, single treatments, and com...

The demand for organically-grown produce is increasing worldwide, with one of the drivers being an expectation among consumers that animals have been farmed to a high standard of animal welfare. This review evaluates whether this expectation is in fact being met, by describing the current level of science-based knowledge of animal health and welfare in organic systems. The primary welfare risk ...