Goal 3: To analyze the data and compare the results to predictions based on existing physics-based scattering models with input parameters determined from almost coincident “direct” microstructure measurements. To use the measured broadband scattered spectra to determine regions in which the scattering is dominated by turbulence versus biology. In regions where the scattering is dominated by tu...

Nonlinear straining and random sweeping spatiotemporal decorrelation properties, originally introduced as the main processes for turbulent fluctuations decorrelation in usual fluid flows, have been observed experimentally in anisotropic electroconvective turbulence generated in a nematic liquid crystal under the action of an external oscillating electric field. A transition between both process...

The decay of large-scale anisotropies in small-scale turbulent flow is investigated. By introducing two different kinds of estimators we discuss the relation between the presence of a hierarchy for the isotropic and the anisotropic scaling exponents and the persistence of anisotropies. Direct measurements from a channel flow numerical simulation are presented. One of the main assumptions made b...

We report measurements of the second-order Lagrangian structure function and the Lagrangian velocity spectrum in an intensely turbulent laboratory flow. We find that the asymmetries of the large-scale flow are reflected in the small-scale statistics. In addition, we present new measurements of the Lagrangian structure function scaling constantC0, which is of central importance to stochastic tur...

The Boussinesq model of convection in a flat layer with heating from below is considered. We analyze the effects of anisotropy caused by rapid rotation in physical and wave spaces and demonstrate the suppression of energy transfer by rotation. We also examine the structure of the wave triangle in nonlinear interaction. The range of parameters is adapted to the models of convection in the geodyn...

Two parametrizations for second order velocity moments, the Batchelor parametrization for the r-space structure function and a common parametrization for the energy spectrum, E(p) ∝ p exp(−p/pd), are examined and compared. In particular, we investigate corrections to the local scaling exponents induced by finite size effects. The behavior of local r– and p–space exponents differs dramatically. ...

The nonlinear coefficients defining the mean electromotive force (i.e., the nonlinear turbulent magnetic diffusion, the nonlinear effective velocity, the nonlinear kappa tensor, etc.) are calculated for an anisotropic turbulence. A particular case of an anisotropic background turbulence (i.e., the turbulence with zero-mean magnetic field) with one preferential direction is considered. It is sho...

The anisotropy-time profile of solar particle events provides a powerful diagnostics tool to the interplanetary plasma scattering parameters of energetic charged particles. In the weak focusing limit of the transport of solar particles in axisymmetric MHD turbulence, the particle anisotropy consists of two contributions, the streaming and the ComptonGetting contribution, resulting from the para...