Species of Picramnia genus are used in folk medicine to treat or prevent skin disorders, but only few species have been studied for biological activity and chemical composition. P. gracilis Tul. is a native species from Central and South America and although its fruits are edible, phytochemical analysis or medicinal uses of this species are not known. In the search of candidates to antileishman...

Naphtoquinones have been used as promising scaffolds for drug design studies against protozoan parasites. Considering the highly toxic and limited therapeutic arsenal, the global negligence with tropical diseases and the elevated prevalence of co-morbidities especially in developing countries, the parasitic diseases caused by various Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) became a significant publi...

Background and objectives: Several natural compounds have been identified for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Due to a few safe drugs and the side effects caused by available chemotherapy, some new drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis are requested. The genus Pulicaria (Asteraceae) is represented in the flora of Iran by five species. Phytochemical studies on Pulicaria species have revealed some...

Leishmaniasis and malaria are serious public health problems in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Development of drug-resistant strains has disrupted efforts to control the spread of these diseases in the world. The conventional antiparasitic chemotherapy still suffers from side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of novel antimalarial and leishmanicidal drugs rem...

OBJECTIVES This study describes the antileishmanial efficacy of the novel drug formulation of amphotericin B (AmB) attached to functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) and compares it with AmB. METHODS f-CNTs were prepared in a two-step chemical carboxylation and amidation process. The AmB was then attached to make f-CNT-AmB and its construction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vitro activity of antileishmanial drugs, paromomycin and miltefosine, to generate Th-1-biased immunomodulation in hosts against intracellular Leishmania donovani. METHODS In silico protein-ligand interaction and in vitro drug-cell interaction assays were performed. Interaction assays of TLR4-deficient HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells engineered to express either TLR...

background: sensitive and glucantime (ma) resistance leishmania tropica are referred to those isolates, which are responsive, or non-responsive to one or two full courses of treatment by ma systematically and/or intra-lesionally, respectively. in this study, we evaluated the antileishmanial activity of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (se nps) alone and in combination with ma against sensitive a...

In BALB/c mice, liver granulomas provoked by visceral infection with intracellular Leishmania donovani are rapidly populated by influxing blood monocytes. To determine the host defense effector role of these mononuclear phagocytes, we treated three populations of infected animals with 5C6, an anti-type 3 complement receptor monoclonal antibody (MAb), which inhibits monocyte recruitment into inf...

This study explored the role of the proinflammatory chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 for development of antileishmanial activity. There was substantial inhibition in nitrite generation in Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages. A marked elevation of nitrite generation and induction of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (i...

A number of 1'-substituted 9-anilinoacridines were evaluated for their activities against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania major and for their toxicities to human Jurkat leukemia cells. Several compounds possessing 1'-NH-alkyl substituents produced more than 80% growth inhibition of macrophage-infected L. major amastigotes at or below a concentration of 1 microM. 1'-Hexylamino-9-...