Birch tar oil (BTO) is a by-product of processing birch wood in a pyrolysis system. Accumulating evidence suggests the suitability of BTO as a biocide or repellent in terrestrial environments for the control of weeds, insects, molluscs and rodents. Once applied as biocide, BTO may end up, either through run-off or leaching, in aquatic systems and may have adverse effects on non-target organisms...

aquatic plants have a major influence upon other aquatic organisms, by altering both water chemistry and spatial structure of the habitat in shallow water bodies. some of them, such as stratiotes aloides l., may suppress algal growth. but how aquatic plants would ultimately influence the heterotrophic community and the aquatic ecosystem as a whole is far from clear. our microcosm-based study de...

Pollutants, by disrupting metabolic processes, can interfere with development, and, at critical periods of development, can act as teratogens. Such interference with normal development can be used as a bioassay. Some screening tests are based on this phenomenon. As teratogens, pollutants are fairly nonspecific. Many different classes may elicit the same developmental responses. Mechanisms of te...

Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is widely used as an antibacterial agent in various industrial products, such as textile goods, soap, shampoo, liquid toothpaste and cosmetics, and often detected in wastewater effluent. However, there is a paucity of data on the toxicity of triclosan and its effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, the acute toxicity of triclosan to the...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Biological characteristics of aquatic species 2.1. They live and breathe in water 2.1.1. Stabilization and movements 2.1.2. Respiration and excretion 2.1.3. Salinity and light 2.2. They do not control their internal temperature 2.3. They often are "carnivorous" 3. From the wild to domestication 3.1. Rearing based on juvenile or breeder capture from the wild 3.1.1. Ca...

10 INTRODUCTION 11 MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 Determination of body density 14 Determination of initial air-store volume 15 Air-store volume and buoyancy 16 Air-store volume calculation 18 Air-store PO2 measurement 18 Effect of temperature and aquatic PO2 on voluntary dive duration 19 RESULTS 20 Determination of density 20 Mechanisms of air-store volume regulation 20 Initial air-store volume in f...

Four species of penaeid prawn cultured in Australia (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus esculentus, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) were injected with a virulent preparation of gill-associated virus (GAV). P. monodon (average weight = 8.9, 13.9 and 19.2 g), P. esculentus (average weight = 19.5 g), F. merguiensis (average weight = 10.5 g), and small (average weight = 5.8 g) M. japon...

Large offshore and small inshore populations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. display differences in migratory patterns and settling regimes, but little is known about possible differences in spawning behaviour. Cod presumably of the Norwegian coastal cod type were therefore sampled during 7 spawning seasons (2002−2013) in Malangen, northern Norway. A spawning site in neighbouring Balsfjord was ...

Wherever grasslands and forest are replaced by rooftops and roads, the movement of water across the landscape is radically altered. Some of these changes are intentional, and they render the land more useful for the purpose for which it has been altered. Yet some of the changes are unintended and can have severe consequences. Flooding, channel erosion, landsliding, and destruction of aquatic ha...

Water pollution by anthropogenic activities is proving to be of critical concern as the heavy metals affect aquatic organisms and can quickly disperse to large distances. This poses a risk to both human health and the aquatic biota. Hence, there is a need to treat the wastewater containing toxic metals before they are discharged into the water bodies. During recent years, magnetic nanoparticles...