[1] Most analytical and numerical models developed to analyze pumping test data focus on saturated flow below the water table. Traditionally the soil above the initial water table prior to pumping has been thought to have little influence on the test results and has usually been ignored. It is hypothesized that, if the unsaturated zone is capped by low-permeability soil, airflow in the unsatura...

Transmissivity is an important hydraulic parameter to determine the amount of water passed horizontally across a given saturated thickness of an aquifer. The techniques to quantify this parameter, such as grain size analyses or pumping tests, can have limitations of time/spatial scale, viability, or economically. One technique that can be used, but little adopted, is the capture zone analysis. ...

A head loss concept, new to the stream-aquifer interaction, is introduced for modeling laboratory observations. Using this concept, the equation applicable to fully penetrating streams is modified to account for the head loss at the entrance. The modified model is able to explain and fit the observed laboratory data correctly. Equations are proposed to calculate the hydraulic diffusivity of aqu...

We present an investigation of the scale dependence of hydraulic 3 parameters in fractured media based on the concept of transfer functions (TF). 4 TF methods provide an inexpensive way to perform aquifer parameter es5 timation, as they relate the fluctuations of an observation time series (hy6 draulic head fluctuations) to an input function (aquifer recharge) in frequency 7 domain. Fractured m...

This paper presents an efficient method to analyze the aquifer response to periodic forcing. A complex transformation is used to change the time-dependent linear aquifer model into an equivalent time-independent problem of a complex function (referred to as the ‘‘complex amplitude’’ hereafter). The magnitude of the complex amplitude represents the amplitude of the sinusoidal fluctuation of the ...

Oscillatory pumping tests-in which flow is varied in a periodic fashion-provide a method for understanding aquifer heterogeneity that is complementary to strategies such as slug testing and constant-rate pumping tests. During oscillatory testing, pressure data collected at non-pumping wells can be processed to extract metrics, such as signal amplitude and phase lag, from a time series. These me...

This paper presents an analytical model characterizing unsteady groundwater flow in an unconfined aquifer resting on a sloping impervious bed. The aquifer is in contact with a constant water level at one end. The other end is connected to a stream whose level is increasing form an initial level to a final level at a known exponentially decaying function of time. Moreover, the aquifer is repleni...