It is well known [4] that the non-Archimedean residue class fields K of the ring of continuous real valued functions on a space are realclosed and 7/i-sets. It does not appear to be known that the exponential function in the reals induces an exponential function in K (definitions to follow) ; thus K is exponentially closed. The property of being exponentially closed is a new invariant which wil...

In this paper, the concept of semiprimary fuzzy ideals of an ordered semigroup S is introduced. Some characterizations for an ordered semigroup S to be a semilattice of archimedean (rarchimedean, t-archimedean) ordered subsemigroups are given by some binary relations on S and the fuzzy radical of fuzzy ideals (fuzzy right ideals, fuzzy bi-ideals) of S. Furthermore, some characterizations for an...

High-stakes decisions for the instruction and assessment of English language learner (ELL) students are made based on the premise that ELL classification is a valid dichotomy that distinguishes between those who are proficient in the use of the English language and those who are not. However, recent research findings draw a vague picture of the term “ELL” and call for a more valid classificatio...

Berarducci (2000) studied irreducible elements of the ring k((G<0))⊕Z, which is an integer part of the power series field k((G)) where G is an ordered divisible abelian group and k is an ordered field. Pitteloud (2001) proved that some of the irreducible elements constructed by Berarducci are actually prime. Both authors mainly concentrated on the case of archimedean G. In this paper, we study ...

In the `-Component Order Connectivity problem (` ∈ N), we are given a graph G on n vertices, m edges and a non-negative integer k and asks whether there exists a set of vertices S ⊆ V (G) such that |S| ≤ k and the size of the largest connected component in G−S is at most `. In this paper, we give a kernel for `-Component Order Connectivity with at most 2`k vertices that takes nO(`) time for eve...

BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are the only cell type capable of breaking down bone matrix, and its excessive activation is responsible for the development of bone-destructive diseases. Euphorbia lathyris L. (ELL) is an herbal plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. This study investigated the effects of the methanol extract of the aerial part of ELL on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kapp...

BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis is considered to be a crucial factor in the development of heart failure. Blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure but the ligand for MR and the regulatory mechanism of MR pathway in the diseased heart are unclear. Here, we investigated whether glucocorticoids can pro...

An Archimedean graph in R 2 is any finite subgraph of the vertices and edges of one of the 11 Archimedean tilings of R E shown in Figures 1-3. Archimedean filings are commonly characterized (as in Figures 1-3) by the order in which regular polygons (with unit edges) occur around each vertex of the tiling; see Grtinbaum and Shephard [3]. We use the same description for Archimedean subgraphs. Whe...

Classrooms incorporating Cooperative Learning (CL) structures facilitate a supportive learning environment for English Language Learners (ELLs). Accurate pronunciation by ELLs is important for communication, and also benefits academic achievement. The known benefits of CL for ELLs make it a desirable learning environment to teach pronunciation skills. Thus, sufficient consideration must be give...