Technology affected human life in many ways in different eras of mankind history. Today, the information and telecommunication technology has revolutionized basic structures of human life. Changes are from the whole to the parts and vice versa, which include family and society too. Family lost its former structure in the information age and differentiated from patriarchy family. Societies have ...

tokyo metropolis, with some exclusive features such as the experience of land readjustment, high level of technology, great economical centralization, and high density of information, presents a type of complicated, crowded, and instable architecture and city planning. such a status is a problem for determining the architectural typology and makes it practically hard for introducing the contemp...

This article surveys the current state of phase-change memory (PCM) as a nonvolatile memory technology set to replace flash and DRAM in modern computerized systems. It has been researched and developed in the last decade, with researchers providing better architectural designs which address the technology’s main challenges—its limited write endurance, potential long latency, high energy writes,...

Culture, society, and technology heavily influence architectural form, and basic architectural elements and functions evolve to suit users’ needs. In the 20 century, with the development of computational technology, architecture underwent dramatic transformation. Human-computer interaction (HCI) has changed architectural space into a smart space, which provides new ways for humans to interact w...

The current article approaches interaction between architecture and machine in one of its several dimensions, namely computer technology and virtual reality. We begin with an introduction to complexity sciences and continue with a brief description of Systems Theory and Cybernetics, leading to the notion of virtual reality and cyberspace. The approach to the virtual architecture presented in th...

Blockchain is an emerging technology for decentralized and transactional data sharing across a large network of untrusted participants. It enables new forms of distributed software architectures, where components can find agreements on their shared states without trusting a central integration point or any particular participating components. Considering the block- chain as a software connector...

Blockchain is an emerging technology for decentralized and transactional data sharing across a large network of untrusted participants. It enables new forms of distributed software architectures, where components can find agreements on their shared states without trusting a central integration point or any particular participating components. Considering the block- chain as a software connector...

Knowledge across several segments appears to be a necessary ingredient to innovation in the case of an architectural shift. Innovative firms utilize their knowledge stock to confront the competitive market. This paper demonstrates that exploitation of accumulated knowledge leads to architectural innovation. Ironically, in the new development of products with a short life cycle, when a firm disc...

Recently in the eld of building CAD, research and development in CAD and data sharing among CAD tools has introduced object-oriented technology. This technology has brought object-oriented CAD tools that allow users to designing buildings by means of architectural objects and the standard data speci cation IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), which is involved in the architectural CALS (Commerce ...