The purpose of this study to contribute the existing literature by investigating at impact remittances on Pakistan’s poverty, both in long run and over short period from 1980 2018. Poverty is dependent variable, independent variables are inflation, education, trade openness, domestic growth product per capita, remittance. For purpose, ARDL bound testing technique used examine effect poverty mul...

The present article uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure to identify the long run equilibrium relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. TodaYamamoto andWald-test causality tests have identified the direction of the causal relationship between these two variables in the case of Pakistan in the period between 1971 and 2008. Ng-Perron and ...

The paper investigates the effects of imports and foreign capital inflows on economic growth in case of Pakistan over the period of 1990Q1-2008Q4. We have applied ARDL bounds testing approach to examine the long run relationship and investigated the direction of causality by using VECM multivariate framework. Our analysis confirms the long run relationship between imports, foreign capital inflo...

This study complements existing literature by examining the nexus between energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions (CE) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established. First, there is a long run relationship between EC, CE and GDP. Second, a long term effect from CE to GDP and EC is apparent, with reciprocal paths. Third, the ...

The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental pollution on economic growth in an emerging economy. We used annual data covering period 1986–2020 non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) to analyze positive negative co-integrated variables, our findings support asymmetric relationship between investment, both short long run, as well a long-run growth. A on...

This study examines the relationships between foreign aid, levels of schooling and democracy for Pakistan using the ARDL cointegration approach. The results of study provide strong evidence for fairly robust long run as well as short run relationships among these variables for the period 1973-2008. The results state that foreign aid and primary school enrollments have negative impact on democra...

This study examines the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Methodology is based on the Toda-Yamamoto test for causality relationship and the bounds testing (ARDL). Time-series data covering the period 19702005 for Malaysia, the study found, in the case of Malaysia there is no strong evidence of a bi-directional causality and long-run relationship between ...

Climate change can disrupt food availability and reduce access to by affecting agricultural production in the world. Thus, current empirical study investigates impacts of climate on rice over different regions Punjab, Pakistan for period 1979–2018. The bound test co-integration method with autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was used explore symmetric relationship between production. Furtherm...

The study investigated the impact of monetary policy on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Time series data spanning from 1981 to 2020 was sourced Central Bank Nigeria statistical bulletin and national bureau statistics (various editions). ARDL bounds testing approach co-integration used analyse data. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model Error Correction Model (ECM) were utilized address main...