Perception of peripherally viewed shapes is impaired when surrounded by similar shapes. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "crowding". Although studied extensively for perception of characters (mainly letters) and, to a lesser extent, for orientation, little is known about whether and how crowding affects perception of other features. Nevertheless, current crowding models suggest that t...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Differences in color form a major component of biological variation, and quantifying these differences is the first step to understanding their evolutionary and ecological importance. One common method for measuring color variation is segment classification, which uses three variables (chroma, hue, and brightness) to describe the height and shape of reflectanc...

The occurrence of dark subsurface horizons rich in organic matter (OM) associated with polychrome the B horizon (yellowish over reddish hue) is common soils from Southern Brazil. formation these and combination such morphological attributes has not been properly documented, neither cause effect relationship. Four soil profiles sombric-like a yellowish color at upper part red subsoil were studie...

Thirty-two pigs were used to determine the effect of age of pig and magnesium supplementation through drinking water on fresh and stored pork quality. Two groups were identified as fast or slow growers, 153 or 180 ± 0.4 days of age at 108 ± 0.6 kg BW. Pigs were harvested on the same day and pork quality measurements were conducted. The age of pig at market weight had no effect on display fluid ...

Many animal displays involve colorful ornamental traits that signal an individual's quality as a mate or rival. Brilliant iridescent ornaments are common, but little is currently known about their production cost and signaling value. One potential cost of colorful ornaments is the acquisition of limited dietary resources that may be involved, directly or indirectly, in their production. Protein...

The precision of human colour discrimination depends on the region of colour space in which measurements are made and on the direction in which the compared colours-the discriminanda-differ. Working in a MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity diagram scaled so that thresholds at the white point were equal for the two axes, we made measurements at reference points lying on lines that passed at 45° or -45°...

We investigate the significance of in situ dissolution of calcium carbonate above its saturation horizons using observations from the open subpolar North Atlantic [sNA] and to a lesser extent a 3-D biogeochemical model. The sNA is particularly well suited for observation-based detections of in situ, i.e. shallow-depth CaCO3 dissolution [SDCCD] as it is a region of high CaCO3 production, deep Ca...