In the 1950s and 1960s, Chinese, Western, and Japanese scholarship debated the success or failure of the government schools and regional arsenals established between 1865 and 1895 to reform Qing China (1644–1911). For example, Quan Hansheng contended in 1954 that the Qing failure to industrialize after the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) was the major reason why China lacked modern weapons during t...

The development of our understanding of the function of vitamin D from its discovery in the second and third decades of the 20(th) century to its hormonal activation of its nuclear receptor and to its present position of an important factor in public health has been traced. The key discoveries of the conversion of vitamin D to its hormonal form, its regulation, and the evolving picture of its m...

During the last decades a large number of cucurbitacins have been isolated from various plant species belonging to other plant families than Cucurbitaceae. Although the roots and the fruits of plant belong to these Cucurbitaceae species are very bitter, they have been used as folk medicines in some countries because of their wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation ...

This article discusses the great performance of Azerbaijani Armed Forces in Second Karabakh War, clarifies features Azerbaijan's military operations typical modern wars and explains reasons for victory from different perspectives prisms. The analyzes Army War through spectrum generational war theory makes case that it is a 5th generation context Western history 6th Russia. According to author, ...

War and asymmetrical conflicts are becoming increasingly prevalent in the modern world. Due to improvements conflict medicine, survivable injuries now more severe than they once were. Therefore, it is important ever that there exist scientific engineering methods for replicating wartime context of laboratory. We have developed one such method: a shock tube platform testing ex vivo samples porci...