Wear and tear from tyres significantly contributes to the flow of (micro-)plastics into the environment. This paper compiles the fragmented knowledge on tyre wear and tear characteristics, amounts of particles emitted, pathways in the environment, and the possible effects on humans. The estimated per capita emission ranges from 0.23 to 4.7 kg/year, with a global average of 0.81 kg/year. The emi...

This paper reviews recent studies of the role of the tear film in the optical quality of the eye. Recent investigations focus on the dynamics of the tear film after a blink and its important role in the optical quality of the eye. The results in this review were used in an attempt to understand the optical and visual impact of tear-film breakup in normal eyes and dry eyes. It was noted that pat...

PURPOSE The authors aimed to produce a new tear substitute capable of providing both lubrication and nutrition, based on a novel nutrient-containing therapeutic ocular surface medium (TOSM). METHODS Viscous substances, including hypromellose (HPMC), carbopol, and sodium hyaluronate (SH) were added to the TOSM at various concentrations. Three commercial preservative-free artificial tear substi...

BACKGROUND Previous studies of acupuncture show favourable results for both subjective and objective outcomes of dry eye. However, firm conclusions could not be drawn from these studies because the quality of the trials was too low to establish concrete evidence. Therefore, this study was designed both to avoid the flaws of the existing trials and to assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness...

Aims/background—The aim of this study was to assess quantitatively the eVectiveness of hyaluronan on corneal disruption in patients with dry eye.Corneal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by measuring fluorescein permeability using a slit-lamp fluorophotometer. Methods—11 patients with dry eye were assigned to this study. Hyaluronan ophthalmic solution (0.1% hyaluronic acid) was instille...

UNLABELLED Dry eye complaints are ranked as the most frequent symptoms of patients visiting ophthalmologists. Conjunctivochalasis is a common dry eye disorder, which can cause an unstable tear film and ocular discomfort. The severe conjunctivochalasis characterized by high LId-Parallel COnjunctival Folds (LIPCOF) degree usually requires surgical intervention, where a conservative therapy would ...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of topical cyclosporine [0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA)] and preservative-free artificial tears in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS A 3-month prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group controlled trial enrolled 70 patients with symptomatic MGD and unstable tear film [tear breakup time (TBUT) <8 seconds]. Patients were randomiz...

LASIK is a surgical tehnique for the correction of refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astygmatism). It results in a reshape of the cornea with ocular surface and especially tear film disease. It is a cause for a iatrogenic dry eye syndrome. Neurogenic and inflamatory theory explain this disease. The main therapy of dry eye is the replacement with artificial tears.

When choosing an artificial tear to optimize the ocular surface and visual acuity, I look for one that minimizes blur and remains on the eye for a long time. I have a few top choices, but recently, I have favored a hyaluronic acid-based tear (Blink Tears; Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA) that is clinically proven to reduce blur and moisturize the cornea for at least 1 hour (data on fi...