Within the scope of this investigation, MATLAB simulation code for digital video broadcasting–for satellite–second generation (DVB-S2) has been constructed. Forward error correction (FEC) rates as 3/5, 2/3, and 3/4 across additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) Rayleigh fading channels are used to evaluate system's performance, mainly while working on quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 8-ary (8...

Following [1], in this note we compute the average number of protected points in all k-ary trees with n internal points.

we describe under various conditions abelian subgroups of the automorphism‎ ‎group $mathrm{aut}(t_{n})$ of the regular $n$-ary tree $t_{n}$‎, ‎which are‎ ‎normalized by the $n$-ary adding machine $tau =(e‎, ‎dots‎, ‎e,tau )sigma _{tau‎ ‎}$ where $sigma _{tau }$ is the $n$-cycle $left( 0,1‎, ‎dots‎, ‎n-1right) $‎. ‎as‎ ‎an application‎, ‎for $n=p$ a prime number‎, ‎and for $n=4$‎, ‎we prove that...

In this paper, we determine the expectation and variance of Xn the external path length in a random recursive k-ary tree of size n.

We propose a general notion of capacity defined on any finite distributive lattice, encompassing usual capacities, bi-capacities, and their immediate extensions called k-ary capacities. We define key notions such as Möbius transform, derivative, Shapley value and Choquet integral.

A novel time-hopping (TH) multiple access ultrawideband (UWB) system employing M -ary orthogonal pulse position modulation (PPM) is proposed and investigated. A concept of removing the usage of time slots within a frame period is applied in the proposed TH/M -ary PPM UWB system. The transmitter of each user exploits a pseudorandom TH address to produce the TH-coded symbols, which are inputted t...

The rst Zagreb index of a graph is equal to the sum of the square of the vertex degrees of the graph and the forgotten topological index (Findex) of a graph is de ned as the sum of cubes of the vertex degrees of the graph. These parameters have applications in chemistry and drug structures. For any xed integer d ≥ 2, the d-ary tree is a rooted tree in which each node has no more than d children...

in this paper, a parameter uniform numerical method based on shishkin mesh is suggested to solve a system of second order singularly perturbed differential equations with a turning point exhibiting boundary layers. it is assumed that both equations have a turning point at the same point. an appropriate piecewise uniform mesh is considered and a classical finite difference scheme is applied on t...

The M -ary differential-chaos-shift-keying (M -ary DCSK) system offers a good noise performance over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel in the category of non-coherent detection chaotic systems. However, the way that the M -ary DCSK system utilizes the available Walsh codes results in a relatively low bandwidth efficiency. Moreover, the number of delay elements required at the tran...