One of the common ways of transfer of commercial documents, ownership (bill of exchange, promissory notes and cheque) is endorsement. If the endorsement is subject to Commercial Code, it is considered a commercial endorsement. And if it is out of the scope of this Code, it should be regarded a normal and on the basis of request (claim) transfer. The question that arise here are “how long are th...

as soon as dar-ul-fonoon school was set up, western culture and civilization penetrated in iran, and modern medicine was felt as a need in iranian society. as modem medicine stepped in, the community was partly changed and hygienic principles of mouth & teeth became important.in qajar’s era, keeping their own jobs, barbers and public bath-workers, worked as dentist and orthopaedist, and so fort...