todays applying concrete structures is more usual than other structures which are used in buildings as in most of the world’s countries the application ratio of concrete to steel has increased from 10 to 1. sometimes these structures require strengthening vulnerable members because of deficiency in their loading system in usual and critical conditions. there are different methods for strengthen...

Steel slags are the major byproduct from the conversion of iron to steel in the basic oxygen (major type), electric arc and open hearth (minor type) steelmaking processes. Steel recovery from the slag results in a processed aggregate with both positive (wear resistant, skid resistant, rough textured, angular, well graded, stripping resistant) and negative (heavy, expansive) features. Considerab...

In this study, nanoindentation was conducted to extract the load-displacement behaviour and the nanomechanical properties of asphalt concrete across the mastic, matrix, and aggregate phases. Further, the performance of hydrated lime as an additive was assessed across the three phases. The hydrated lime containing samples have greater resistance to deformation in the mastic and matrix phases, in...

In this thesis, nondestructive surface wave measurements are presented for characterization of dynamic modulus and layer thickness on different pavements and cement concrete slabs. Air-coupled microphones enable rapid data acquisition without physical contact with the pavement surface. Quality control of asphalt concrete pavements is crucial to verify the specified properties and to prevent pre...

s92,1 15363,1980.search, April 1981. 59. “Recyclers Beat the Clock.” Engineering News Record,November 6,1980. 60. “D-Cracked Concrete Pavement Recycled for Less.” Highway andHeavy Construction, April 1981. 61. “Asphalt Pavement Milled and Recycled on Same Project.” Highway and Heavy Construction, August1981. 62. “In Place Recycling Cuts Paving Cost, Time.” Highwa...

The anisotropy refers to the material properties that are direction dependant. In the past, the HMA has been typically modeled as an isotropic material due to a lack of sufficient data for detailed quantification of its direction-dependency. However, it is reasonable to assert that HMA may exhibit significant anisotropic behaviour due to the major compaction direction and the resulting preferre...

Recently developed Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) determines the probable total rutting by summing up the deformations of all layers of the trial pavement. If all distresses outcomes including rutting are within the specification the trial section is designed for construction. Therefore, vertical deformation (or strain) needs to be measured to validate the MEPDG for local c...

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) has used crumb rubber from ground tires since the late 1960's to primarily reduce reflective cracking. In 1988, ADOT started to use crumb rubber mixed with hot asphalt, commonly referred to as asphalt rubber (AR) as a binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA). Typically, these mixes are either open-graded or gap-graded and from half inch to one inch or one ...

Rubblization is considered one of the sustainable surface preparation techniques before placing a hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlay that involves breaking the concrete pavement into pieces. The design of the structural overlay thickness for rubblized projects is difficult as the resulting structure is neither a true rigid pavement nor a true flexible pavement. The most important aspect of the desig...