Hongjiannao groundwater exchange was the largest desert freshwater lake in China (57.25 km2 1986). However, it shrank sharply over past 34a (1986–2019), with smallest area 31.41 2015. The objective of this study to use Landsat images, ASTER GDEM V2 data, and meteorology statistics combination water balance model calculate dynamics elements, quantify characterize interannual variations lake-grou...